As totally blind people cannot perceive the light-dark cycle (the major synchroniser of the circadian pacemaker) their circadian rhythms often "free run" on a cycle slightly longer than 24 h. When the free-running sleep propensity rhythm passes out of phase with the desired time for sleep, night-time insomnia and daytime sleepiness result. It has recently been shown that daily melatonin adminis...

The lowest frequencies are delta. These are less than 4 Hz and occur in deep sleep and in some abnormal processes, also during ex-periences of "empathy state". Delta waves are involved with our ability to integrate and let go. It reflects unconscious mind. It is the dominant rhythm in infants up to one year of age and it is present in stages 3 and 4 of sleep. It tends to be the highest in ampli...

Patients with acute myocardial infarction were monitored for ventricular arrhythmias in the first 48 hours. Idioventricular rhythm (rate less than 100/minute) occurred in 35 out of 224 patients (15.6%) during the first day and in 13 out of 192 patients not receiving treatment on the second day (6.8%). This arrhythmia was frequently preceded by late ventricular extrasystoles, which often showed ...

We propose a notion of a sub-model for each agent at each state in the Heifetz et al (2006) model of interactive unawareness. Presuming that each agent is fully cognizant of his sub-model causes no di¢ culty and fully describes his knowledge and his beliefs about the knowledge and awareness of others. In addition by relaxing some of the conditions that Heifetz et al imposed in their framework w...

conclusions the study findings highlight the importance of the mental aspect of fatigue in this working group. these results have possible implications for workers’ health and well-being and for the design of shift work systems, for industrial workers. background shift work is a well-recognized occupational health hazard in both industrialized and industrially developing countries. prolonged wo...

Acetylcholine is the primary neuromodulator involved in cortical arousal in mammals. Cholinergic modulation is involved in conscious awareness, memory formation and attention - processes that involve intercommunication between different cortical regions. Such communication is achieved in part through temporal structuring of neuronal activity by population rhythms, particularly in the beta and g...

The lowest frequencies are delta. These are less than 4 Hz and occur in deep sleep and in some abnormal processes, also during ex-periences of "empathy state". Delta waves are involved with our ability to integrate and let go. It reflects unconscious mind. It is the dominant rhythm in infants up to one year of age and it is present in stages 3 and 4 of sleep. It tends to be the highest in ampli...

Unlike simple biological rhythms, the rhythm of the oscine bird song is a learned time series of diverse sounds that change dynamically during vocal ontogeny. How to quantify rhythm development is one of the most important challenges in behavioural biology. Here, we propose a simple method, called 'rhythm landscape', to visualize and quantify how rhythm structure, which is measured as durationa...