A cervical rib generally arises from the seventh cervical vertebra and is known as an anomalous accessory rib or “Eve’s rib” [1]. A recent literature survey reported that cervical ribs are present in less than 1% of the normal population and are asymptomatic in about 90% of cases [2]. Complete cervical ribs are fused with the tubercle on the upper aspect of the first thoracic rib, very close to...

Somites are transient mesodermal structures giving rise to all skeletal muscles of the body, the axial skeleton and the dermis of the back. Somites arise from successive segmentation of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). They appear first as epithelial spheres that rapidly differentiate into a ventral mesenchyme, the sclerotome, and a dorsal epithelial dermomyotome. The sclerotome gives rise to ver...

OBJECTIVES This paper proposes a measurement method to quantify the abnormal characteristics of the broken parts of ribs using local texture and shape features in chest radiographs. METHODS OUR MEASUREMENT METHOD COMPRISES TWO STEPS: a measurement area assignment and sampling step using a spline curve and sampling lines orthogonal to the spline curve, and a fracture-ness measurement step with...

This work aimed to verify if swimmers present better chest wall coordination during breathing than healthy non-athletes analyzing the correlation between ribs motion and the variation of thoracoabdominal volumes. The results of two up-to-date methods based on videogrammetry were correlated in this study. The first one measured the volumes of 4 separate compartments of the chest wall (superior t...

We present a stochastic model based opportunistic channel access and transmission scheme for cognitive radioenabled secondary users for single data channel. We refer to this scheme as RIBS (Residual Idle Time Distribution based Scheme). In this scheme, the SU randomly senses the channel and if the channel is sensed idle, then it uses residual idle time distribution to estimate its transmission ...

Experimentation has been carried out to find the influence of a gap provided in ribs on thermohydraulic performance of a square duct roughened with discrete inclined ribs. The two opposite walls of the square duct are roughened with ribs having attack angle (α) of 45 and a gap on its length. The investigation has been performed for relative roughness pitch (p/e) of 10, relative roughness height...

Ziliang Ye,1 Shuang Zhang,1 Yuan Wang,1 Yong-Shik Park,1 Thomas Zentgraf,1 Guy Bartal,1 Xiaobo Yin,1,2 and Xiang Zhang1,2,* 1NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), University of California, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (Received 6 January 2012; revised manus...

AIMS Rheum palmatum complex comprises all taxa within section Palmata in the genus Rheum, including R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. tanguticum var. liupanshanense and R. laciniatum. The identification of the taxa in section Palmata is based primarily on the degree of leaf blade dissection and the shape of the lobes; however, difficulties in species identification may arise from th...

graphic assessment of synovitis and joint vascularity with radiographic evaluation in randomized, placebo-controlled study of infliximab therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1107–16. 7. Filippucci E, Farina A, Carotti M, Salaffi F, Grassi W. Grey scale and power Doppler sonographic changes induced by intra-articular steroid injection treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:74...