For centuries, humans lived in the Arctic in relatively small, self-sustained communities in harmony with the harsh local climate and environment. In contrast to that earlier period, the modern Russian Arctic is characterized by intensive urban development, including cities whose populations exceed more than 100,000 people. “Urbanization” peaked in the period between the late 1950s and 1980s. D...

â  â  â  resistance manifestations in mozafar al nawwab’s poems â  â  â  * hasan dadkhah â  naser tabe` jabery ** â  â  â  abstract â  â  a mixture of political views and resistance literature is so visible in the poems of some contemporary arab poets that they are known as resistance poets. mozafar al nawwab, the contemporary iraqi poet, is one of them. nawwab grew up in a noble and gentle s...

Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928) – scientist, philosopher, economist, physician, novelist, poet, and Marxist revolutionary – is mostly ignored by general histories of Europe and Russia and generally appears only as a minor character in the more specialized works of Russian philosophy and the Russian Social-Democratic movement. Yet it seems that no one who becomes familiar with his work fails to b...

toodeh party was one of the organized parties in the first days of iran's islamic revolution. this party began its cooperation with the revolutionary forces after 16th polonium and nooraldin kianoori's election as its first secretary. its support from imam khomeini's leadership and the revolution was based on its analysis and understanding of the socio-political forces' posi...

The optimization of dynamic problems is both widespread and difficult. When conducting dynamic optimization, a balance between reinitialization and computational expense has to be found. There are multiple approaches to this. In parallel genetic algorithms, multiple sub-populations concurrently try to optimize a potentially dynamic problem. But as the number of sub-population increases, their e...

The abundance of active and innovative entrepreneurs has been ascribed as one of the main reasons for Taiwan’s miraculous economic development. This paper expounds upon the past 60 years and how Taiwanese business behaviour has been manifested by adaptive entrepreneurship. Taiwan’s entrepreneurs exercise their alertness to opportunities, use guerrilla strategies to profit whenever possible, man...

Empowered by the availability of social networking technologies with their inherent open philosophy, citizens around the world are increasingly participating in political activity on the Web. Recent examples range from opposing public policies, such as government funding cuts, to organizing revolutionary social movements, such as those in the Middle East. Although online spaces create remarkabl...