Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging and promising technology that provides significant improvements over CMOS. Recently QCA has been advocated as an applicant for implementing reversible circuits. However QCA, like other Nanotechnologies, suffers from a high fault rate. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fault tolerant model of QCA circuits by redundancy in hardware a...

Meister (1) has reported that the rate of reduction of hydroxypyruvate by reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) in the presence of muscle lactic dehydrogenase is as rapid as the rate of reduction of pyruvate. The present paper reports evidence for the existence in higher plants of a new pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reduction of hydroxypyruvate, but not of pyruvate...

Reduction of nonprotein disulfides required both glucose or glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). However, hexokinase (HK) was found to be the rate-limiting step: the glucose-supported reduction rate was only 50% of that of G6P-supported activity. This disulfide-reducing activity seemed to decline in the aging lens. Further, the glucose-supported acti...

Electrochemical reduction of solution cast and self-assembled graphene oxide (GO) films on Au surfaces were studied using organic solvents. During the cyclic voltammetry measurements the structural changes in the films were recorded focusing on in situ infrared and Raman techniques. Both FT-Raman and dispersive Raman spectroscopy were utilized for the reduction studies. The spectroelectrochemic...

1. Pig heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase incubated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C gradually loses activity. Such inactivation can be largely reversed by dialysis or by addition of L-lysine or L-cysteine, and can be made permanent by NaBH4 reduction. 2. Modification of malate dehydrogenase with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at 35 degrees C involves two phases, an initial ...

The preparation and characterization of three new paramagnetic complexes of the 17-electron Re(II) ion are reported. The salts [Re(triphos)(CH(3)CN)(3))][X](2), X = [BF(4)](-) (1), [PF(6)](-) (2), and [Et(4)N][Re(triphos)(CN)(3)] (3) were prepared by homolytic cleavage of the Re-Re bond in [Re(2)(CH(3)CN)(10)][BF(4)](4) or by disruption of the chlorine bridges in [(triphos)Re(mu-Cl)(3)Re(tripho...

Modifying a gold electrode surface with hydroxy-alkyl-thiols significantly reduces the observed rate of electron transfer. This designed and controlled decrease in electron transfer rate readily allows reversible and irreversible electrode processes to be more clearly delineated. Separation of such voltammetric responses can facilitate the direct study of redox catalytic processes, which would,...

Reversible ischemia reduced renal cortical brush border membrane (BBM) Na'-dependent D-glucose uptake (336±31 vs. 138±30 pmol/mg per 2 s, P < 0.01) but hadno effect on Na'-independent glucose or Na'-dependent L-alanine uptake. The effect on D-glucose uptake was present after only 15 mm of ischemia and was due to a reduction in maximum velocity (1913±251 vs. 999±130 pmol/mg per 2 s; P < 0.01). T...

Reversible logic enables ultra-low power circuit design and quantum computation. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is the most promising technology considered to implement reversible circuits, mainly due correspondence between features of QCA circuits. This work aims push forward state-of-the-art QCA-based circuits implementation by proposing a novel full adder\full subtractor (FA\FS). At fir...

Reversible logic is experience renewed interest as we are approach the limits of CMOS technologies. While physical implementations of reversible gates have yet to materialize, it is safe to assume that they will rely on faulty individual components. In this work we present a present a method to provide fault tolerance to a reversible circuit based on invariant relationships.