Highly active antiretroviral treatment is compromised by viral resistance mutations. Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is therefore monitored closely, but follow-up studies of these patients are limited. Virus from 1405 individuals diagnosed with HIV-1 in Denmark between 2001 and 2009 was analyzed for TDR, and molecular-epidemiological links and progression of the infection were described based...

OBJECTIVE To compare cardiac autonomic function as measured by heart rate variability for HIV-infected participants taking protease inhibitors (PIs) with those taking a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor without a PI (NNRTI-no PI) regimen. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING Multicentre study. PARTICIPANTS 2998 participants (average age 44 years, 28% females) enrolled in ...

BACKGROUND HIV clonal genotypic analysis (CG) was used to investigate whether a more sensitive analysis method would detect additional low-abundance mutations compared with population genotyping (PG) in antiretroviral-naive patients who experienced virological failure (VF) during treatment with abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine and tenofovir. METHODS HIV was analysed by PG and CG (771 baseline a...

The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor RD4-2217 is a thiadiazole derivative that has proved to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro. In this study we examined genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of RD4-2217-resistant mutants that have been obtained by serial passage of HIV-1 in MT-4 cells in the pres...

BACKGROUND A major concern with using antiretroviral (ARV)-based products for HIV prevention is the potential spread of drug resistance, particularly from individuals who are HIV-infected but unaware of their status. Limited data exist on the prevalence of HIV infection or drug resistance among potential users of ARV-based prevention products. METHODS A cross-sectional study of reproductive-a...

BACKGROUND HIV drug resistance represents a major threat for effective treatment. We assessed the trends in the frequency of drug resistance mutations and the monitored viral load (VL) in treatment-naïve (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) individuals infected with HIV-1 in Québec, Canada, between 2001 and 2011. METHODS AND FINDINGS Resistance data were obtained from 4,105 and 5,086 genotypic...

Anti-HIV microbicides are being investigated in clinical trials and understanding how promising strategies work, coincident with demonstrating efficacy in vivo, is central to advancing new generation microbicides. We evaluated Carraguard and a new generation Carraguard-based formulation containing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) MIV-150 (PC-817). Since dendritic cells...

Recently, mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were observed to exhibit dual resistance to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NNRTIs). To elucidate the mechanism by which CN and RH mutations confer resistance to NNRTIs, we hypothesized that these mutations reduce RNase H cleavage and provide more ...

The purpose of this review is to examine the literature for reports of clinically significant interactions noted amongst HIV antiretroviral medications when coadministered with posaconazole. A literature search was conducted to identify studies addressing drug interactions between posaconazole and HIV antiretroviral medications. Two pharmacokinetic studies and three clinical trials involving th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate phenotypic drug susceptibility and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor hypersusceptibility as predictors of the time to virological failure. DESIGN In a randomized clinical trial, phenotypic susceptibility was retrospectively determined among 131 exclusively nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-experienced patients with baseline HIV-RNA levels gre...