Reverse engineering a program constructs a high-level representation suitable for various software development purposes such as documentation or reengineering. Unfortunately however, there are no established guidelines to assess the adequacy of such a representation. We propose two such criteria, completeness and accuracy, and show how they can be determined during the course of reversing the r...

Leptospires were detectable by light microscopy when Formalin-fixed preparations were reacted by direct and indirect methods with horseradish peroxidase-labeled specific antibody.

When large amounts of brilliant vital red are injected into the blood stream of dogs, the dye is gradually removed from circulation, and most of it is deposited in numerous phagocytic cells which are scattered throughout various organs and tissues. The dye occurs largely in the form of tiny red granules crowded together in the cytoplasm of these cells. If Niagara sky blue, a closely related dye...

Chromomycin A3 binds to DNA and Protamine -deficient spermatozoa look bright yellow,whereas normal spermatozoa appear dull yellow.

A machine is described which can perform the Gram stain. Comparison of slides stained by machine versus hand revealed no difference in reproducibility or accuracy. In addition to providing clean, dry, uniformly stained slides, the machine saves 24 sec per slide when compared with a hand staining technique.

A wet-mount technique for staining bacterial flagella is highly successful when a stable stain and regular slides and cover slips are used. Although not producing a permanent mount, the technique is simple for routine use when the number and arrangement of flagella are critical in identifying species of motile bacteria.

STUDY DESIGN: Devise a set of protocols for immunohistochemical (IHC) and gene expression analysis that will permit the measurement of changes that occur during degeneration in the lumbar intervertebral disc of a rat model. OBJECTIVES: Quantify how the composition of the disc changes with degeneration in the animal model and prove that these changes correspond to those within a degenerate human...

OBJECTIVE To detect and compare the bone microstructure and osteoblast and osteoclast activity in different regions of human osteonecrotic femoral heads. METHODS Osteonecrotic femoral heads were obtained from 10 patients (6 males, 4 females; Ficat IV) undergoing total hip arthroplasty between 2011 and 2013. The samples were divided into subchondral bone, necrotic, sclerotic, and healthy regio...

Although the etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration is poorly understood, one approach to prevent this process may be to inhibit apoptosis. In the current study, the anti‑apoptotic effects of carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCS) in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were investigated with the aim to enhance disc cell survival. Rat NP cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and hydrogen peroxide ...