The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools is gaining popularity in the analysis of flow phenomenon in components used in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. However, simulation of two phase (e.g., gas and liquid or oil and refrigerant) and phase changing (evaporation or condensation) flow is still unfeasible in many engineering problems. In this review, the development and sta...

The condensational growth of submicrometer aerosol particles to climate relevant sizes is sensitive to their ability to accommodate vapor molecules, which is described by the mass accommodation coefficient. However, the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. We have simulated the mass accommodation and evaporation processes of water using molecular dynamics, and the results are comp...

Scale formation in the oil and gas industry, evaporation plants, reverse osmosis desalination processes, steam generators, boilers, cooling water towers and pipes is a serious problem, causing significant plugging of wells, pipe-lines, membranes, and increasing the production expenses [1,2]. A widely used technique for controlling scale deposition is an application of chemical inhibitors [1-4]....

To prepare lomustine-iohexol compound liposomes, and evaluate the properties, determine the entrapment efficiency. Liposomes were prepared by reverse evaporation method; orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation. Free drugs and liposomes were separated using protamine aggregation method and entrapment efficiency was determined by HPLC. The optimal formula was as follows: soybean ph...

We present a novel kinetic multi-layer model for gas-particle interactions in aerosols and clouds (KMGAP) that treats explicitly all steps of mass transport and chemical reaction of semi-volatile species partitioning between gas phase, particle surface and particle bulk. KMGAP is based on the PRA model framework (Pöschl-RudichAmmann, 2007), and it includes gas phase diffusion, reversible adsorp...

A facile phase transfer procedure is described for the formation of uniform silver metal tips on II–VI semiconductor nanorods. Judicious choice of a functional ligand dimethyl phenol (DMP) which binds to the semiconductor rod in the organic phase enables the transfer of metal ions from the aqueous phase and their reduction onto the nanorod. The nanorod hybrids can be assembled into perpendicula...