Background: Goiter is thyroid enlargement, which is the most common visible symptom of iodine deficiency. Some studies have shown iodine deficiency in water, soil, and food in many places worldwide.We aimed to determine the prevalence of goiter and the association between urine iodine levels in children with severity and prevalence of goiter in mountainous villages of Kashan city (center of Ira...

background & objectives: iodine deficiency disorder (idd) is the most common endocrine disorder in the world. it is estimated that about 1.5 billion people are in iodine deficiency state. many studies have shown the high prevalence of endemic goiter and iodine deficiency in iran.  for control of this health problem salt iodinization is the best  accepted strategy in the world. the main objectiv...

Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect whose presentation in adults is rare. Diagnosis is usually made as an incidental finding through image studies; infrequently, patients may present with symptoms such as dyspnea or retrosternal pain. Open surgical repair has been the preferred management method of symptomatic presentation. In this paper we present the case of a 42 year-old-male wit...

We describe the case of a patient successfully reconstructed with laparoscopic retrosternal gastric pull-up after esophagectomy for unresectable posterior mediastinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, eroding into the esophagus and compressing the airways. A partial esophagectomy with esophagostomy was performed for treatment of esophageal pleural fistula and empyema, while the airways were m...

Two case histories are described of pleural and anterior mediastinal fibrosis presenting as a continuous fibrotic process with thick parietal pleural plaques extending from one pleura to the contralateral pleura through the retrosternal area, and with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Follow-up over 4 years in one case demonstrated rapid progression of disease, with pleural fibrosis preceding retroster...

Atraumatic retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle is an exceedingly rare event and three out of four previously reported cases lack any radiological evidence. We report the case of a 30-year-old male patient who presented an atraumatic retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle without a history of previous injury and underlying pathology. The diagnosis was delayed and established by a CT scan ...

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and usually benign gastrointestinal tumors. Their most frequent symptoms are dysphagia and epigastric or retrosternal discomfort. We here report a case of esophageal GCT with continued symptoms of retrosternal discomfort, postprandial feeling of fullness, and early satiety despite complete thoracoscopic resection of the tumor. In contrast, all functional tes...

Endemic goiter is clustered occurrences of goiter affecting more than 10% of the population in particular regions. The majority cases are attributed to environmental factors such as iodine deficiency, or food and water containing goiter-causing agents called goitrogens. We report a new type of endemic goiter where the basic abnormality was not due to environment factors, but to thyroglobulin ge...

The presence of substernal goiter is, per se, an indication for surgical management. Surgical approach of substernal goiter can most commonly be performed using the cervical access, but at times, a sternotomy or thoracotomy is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify the preoperative predictors of a sternotomy in the management of substernal goiter in order to provide better preoperativ...

OBJECTIVES We comprehensively estimated the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules (TNs) before and after the implementation of the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) program in mainland China and provided information for creating effective health policies. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Chinese Wanfang and Chongqing VIP databases were searched for relevant studies from Jan 1985 to Feb ...