Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a part of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, was active as adjuvant and stimulated the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of mice to increase its phagocytic function. A series of analogs of MDP was tested for their adjuvant activity and RES-stimulating activity. Sex differences were observed in the adjuvant activity and RES-stimulating capacity of some MDP analogs. A ste...

Evidence is presented that The normal RES extracts endotoxin from the circulation and inactivates it very rapidly. When the RES has been damaged, whether by a blockading agent, such as thorotrast, or by a reversible degree of hemorrhagic shock, it cannot extract more than a small per cent of the amount of the endotoxin the normal system can extract. Of that fraction of endotoxin which is extrac...

Introduction:Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) refers to a group of rare reticuloendothelial system disorders and it occurs most often in young adults and children. A 57-year-old edentulous female patient who complained of dull pain in the posterior region of the mandible referred to the dental office, with a complaint of dull pain in the posterior region of the mandible. The lesion was diagn...

The major problem in chemotherapy is the targetting of drugs to restricted anatomical sites and specific target cells. Many drugs produce side effects, are toxic to normal tissues and are often prematurely inactivated or excreted. To overcome such difficulties, several forms of drug carriers have been described and tested in animals, and on some occasions in man (Ryman & Tyrrell, 1980; Gregoria...

It is over 125 years since Ilya Metchnikoff described the significance of phagocytosis. In this review, we examine the early origins and development of macrophage research continuing after his death in 1916, through the period of the reticuloendothelial system. Studies on these cells resulted in a substantial literature spanning immunology, hematology, biochemistry, and pathology. Early histolo...

This study was carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action of a reticuloendothelial (RE)-depressing substance. This RE-depressing substance was obtained from the plasma of dogs subjected to 3 hr of intestinal ischemia. RE-depressing substance was partially purified by dialysis and reverse-phase column chromatography. The assay of RE-depressing activity was based on the depression of the rat...

In rabbits given an intravenous infusion of thrombin or an injection of endotoxin, immunohistochemical examination of the tissues, using conjugated antiserum against rabbit fibrin, showed bright intracytoplasmic staining in many of the phagocytic cells of the liver and spleen. In normal rabbits as well as in animals injected with large doses of heparin prior to thrombin or endotoxin administrat...

The mechanism of the reticuloendothelial "blockade" which followed injection of large quantities of chromic phosphate without exogenous stabilizing material was investigated in Wistar rats. The RE blockade observed for several hours after induction appeared related to the continuing circulation of the chromic phosphate-blockading dose, and a reduction in the size of the particles used enhanced ...