SUMMARY Perceptions of self-injurious behaviour as refractory to treatment, and treatment outcomes unpredictable, in children adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism may lead inertia or nihilism, restrictive practices overuse psychotropic medication its management. Recent research suggests, however, that from infancy young adulthood prospects for a positive outcome are fair, markers...

II. OVERVIEW By definition, PBI violates the subarachnoid space and creates a potential CSF leak. In addition to leakage from entry or exit sites, a fistula may occur at a remote site because of skull fracture and a dural tear from a blowout mechanism. High-velocity missiles may create transients of extremely high intracranial pressure, which can produce fractures even in the base of the skull....

A case of successful outcome is described in a patient with amniotic fluid embolism presenting to the accident and emergency department. Diagnostic features and guidelines for management are outlined.

variable rate application (vra) based on site specific crop management (sscm) is an effective approach for optimizing the application of agricultural inputs and preventing the undesirable environmental impacts. design, construction and evaluation of a map-based vra system was the main objective followed in this research. for variable rate application based on the generated map, a direct injecti...

Maintenance fluids in critically ill brain-injured patients are part of routine critical care. Both the amounts of fluid volumes infused and the type and tonicity of maintenance fluids are relevant in understanding the impact of fluids on the pathophysiology of secondary brain injuries in these patients. In this narrative review, current evidence on routine fluid management of critically ill br...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the recent evidence describing the outcomes associated with fluid overload in critically ill patients and provides an overview of fluid management strategies aimed at preventing fluid overload during the resuscitation of patients with shock. RECENT FINDINGS Fluid overload is a common complication of fluid resuscitation and is associated with increased ...

nature) can usually be explained by either increased pleural fluid formation or decreased pleural fluid absorption, or both. Pleural effusions caused by an increase in pleural fluid formation can be further subdivided into elevation in hydrostatic pressure (e.g., congestive heart failure), decreased colloid osmotic pressure (e.g., cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome), increased capillary permeability...