In response to DNA damage, two general but fundamental processes occur in the cell: (1) a DNA lesion is recognized and repaired, and (2) concomitantly, the cell halts the cell cycle to provide a window of opportunity for repair to occur. An essential factor for a proper DNA-damage response is the heterotrimeric protein complex Replication Protein A (RPA). Of particular interest is hyperphosphor...

Auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana requires the SCF(TIR1) ubiquitin ligase. In response to the hormone, SCF(TIR1) targets members of the auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) family of transcriptional regulators for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. To identify additional regulators of SCF(TIR1) activity, we conducted a genetic screen to isolate enhancers of the tir1-1 auxin response defect. Here...

Purpose: To investigate the energy dependence/spectral sensitivity of silicon diodes designed for small-field dosimetry and obtain response factors (RFs) for arbitrary photon spectra using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.   Methods: The EGSnrc user-code DOSRZnrc was used to calculate the dose deposition in water and in the active volume of a stereotactic diode f...

Dehydration affects the photosynthetic apparatus. The impact of dehydration on photosynthesis was assessed in twelve Mediterranean species representing different growth forms. Rapid and slow experiments were conducted to (1) compare water stress among forms, (2) rank according their drought tolerance. reduced electron transport up PSI, reduction being linearly related leaf relative content (RWC...

FoxO proteins are key transcriptional regulators of nutrient homeostasis and stress response. The transcription factor FoxO1 activates expression of gluconeogenic, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and also activates the expression of the oxidative stress response enzymes catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase. Hormonal and stress-dependent regulation o...

Characteristics of ground motions close to the earthquake source can be considerably different from those of far-field motions which should be considered in design process of structures. The current study aimed to present new design response spectra for Iranian seismic design code taking into account the near-fault effects. For this purpose, a new attenuation relation based on the ground motion...

To overcome host defenses, bacterial pathogens of the genus Yersinia inject specific effector proteins into colonized mammalian cells. One such virulence factor, YopJ, inhibits the host inflammatory response and induces apoptosis of immune cells by blocking multiple signaling pathways, including the MAPK and NFB pathways. In this study, we show that YopJ exerts its deleterious effects by cataly...