Space has been a central parameter in electroacoustic music composition and performance since its origins. Nevertheless, the design of a standardized interchange format for spatial audio performances is a complex task that poses a diverse set of constraints and problems. This position paper attempts to describe the current state of the art in terms of what can be called “easy” today, and what a...

PURPOSE The Self-efficacy in Infant Care Scale (SICS) was developed with acceptable psychometric properties to assess the degree of Thai mothers' belief in their ability to perform designated infant care tasks. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the SICS, with a 6-point rating scale, can be used as an alternative to a rating scale with 0-100 confidence continuum scale. METHODS ...

A consensus among researchers about the best way to measure self-reported drug use has not yet emerged (Huba & Bentler, 1982; Huba, Bentler, & Newcomb, 1981). The average product-moment correlation between 14 pairs of experts who rated the adequacy of 17 drug-use quantity and frequency items was only 0.12 (Huba, Bentler, & Newcomb, 1981). Criteria used to evaluate drug-use measures are implicit...

Abstract Background The payment card (PC) format and the open-ended (OE) are common methods in eliciting willingness-to-pay (WTP) of one additional quality-adjusted life year (QALY). aim this research is to compare these two formats monetary value a QALY. Methods A contingent valuation survey was carried out using pre-designed questionnaire with various hypothetical scenarios. difference betwee...

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Using data for 2008-2009, we determine winning strategies for the game in two different formats: 50-over one-day internationals and 20-over games from the Indian Premier League and Twenty20 Internationals. We find that attacking batting and defensive bowling outperform all other strategies in determining the probability of winning in both formats despite the thirty over difference between them....

Models are generally used by scientists to obtain predictions and to provide explanations about phenomena. Their predictive and explanatory power is usually thought of as depending on their representative power: a model is a device standing for a target system in virtue of some relationship between its features and features of the system. This representational relationship enables scientists to...