Lymnaea stagnalis, often termed the great pond snail, is characterized in part by its ability to take in oxygen both cutaneously and aerially (via its rudimentary lung). The central nervous system of the Lymnaea is composed of a relatively small number of large, identifiable neurons. In 1990, Syed et al. [1] established that respiratory rhythmogenesis in the Lymnaea is controlled by a 3-neuron ...

CHERNIACK, NEIL S., NORMAN H. EDELMAN, AND ALFRED P. FISHMAN. Pattern of discharge of respiratory neurons during systemic vasomotor waves. Am. J. Physiol. 217(5) : 1375-l 383. 1969.Systemic blood pressure oscillations, produced in paralyzed dogs by arresting ventilation or by hemorrhage during mechanical ventilation, were related to the phasic phrenic nerve electrical activity. Oscillations syn...

BACKGROUND Aberrations in the physiologic components of normal oropharyngeal swallowing have been linked to aspiration events and to predisposition to aspiration pneumonia, a common, deadly disease in elderly persons. Studies have demonstrated a temporal, physiologic link between breathing and the principal physiologic swallowing components involved in airway protection during swallowing. We de...

Muscular tone of the abdominal wall is important in maintaining transdiaphragmatic pressures and its loss can lead to decreased lung volumes. Patients who are status postlaparotomy are at risk of developing atelectasis. The compensatory role of respiratory muscle activity in postlaparotomy is not well studied. Normally, inspiratory muscles are active during inspiration and passive during expira...

The effects of unilateral transection of the lower brainstem on the generation of central respiratory rhythm and its amplitude were studied in halothane anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rabbits. Transections involving N. VII or rostral part of N. r VII elicited apneustic pattern of discharge in both phrenic nerves. Lesions made at more caudal levels (1.5-3.5 mm r...

The aim of the study is to investigate risks, prevalence, clinical forms of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (CBPD) in aluminum workers and assess whether asthma and other respiratory conditions occur excessively among pot workers. The survey of 479 workers at Kandalaksha aluminum smelter has shown that the most prevalent respiratory disease is chronic bronchitis (CB) detected in 13,4-17,0 % o...

The electrical activity of the cranial nerves innervating the muscles which contract and dilate the buccal cavity (defined BCcont and BCdil, respectively) was explored in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The sternohyoid branch of the hypoglossal nerve innervating BCdil showed electrical activity in two consecutive phases: buccal inhalation and lung expiration as well as in the last phase of the ...

BACKGROUND The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method calculates the lower limit of normal for spirometric values as the 5th percentile of the distribution of Z scores. Conceptually, LMS-derived Z scores account for normal age-related changes in pulmonary function, including variability and skewness in reference data. Evidence is limited, however, on whether the LMS method is valid for evaluating respir...