UNLABELLED In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the changes in respiratory thoracoabdominal mechanics result from both hyperinflation and functional and structural skeletal muscle alterations. AIM Evaluation of the particularities of respiratory movement in COPD and identification of inter-relations between respiratory thoraco-abdominal mechanics and clinical and functional respira...

Characterizing respiratory rate variability (RRV) in humans during sleep is challenging, since it requires the analysis of respiratory signals over a period of several hours. These signals are easily distorted by movement and volitional inputs. We applied the method of spectral analysis to the nasal pressure transducer signal in 38 adults with no obstructive sleep apnea, defined by an apnea-hyp...

To test the hypothesis that hydralazine can suppress spontaneous sleep-related central apnea, respiratory pattern, blood pressure, and heart period were monitored in Sprague-Dawley rats. In random order and on separate days, rats were recorded after intraperitoneal injection of 1) saline or 2) 2 mg/kg hydralazine. Normalized minute ventilation (NVI) declined significantly with transitions from ...

The noninvasive measurement of infant lung function during unsedated sleep in infants has been a long-standing objective in paediatric respiratory medicine. This note reports on the design and performance of a head-out volume-displacement plethysmograph (VDP) that overcomes some of the limitations of traditional lung function apparatus. The VDP comprises a rigid acrylic box with an integral wat...

T has been considerable controversy about the role of unattended limited recording systems (those that do not record the electroencephalogram [EEG], electrooculogram [EOG], and sub-mental electromyogram [EMG]) for the diagnosis and follow-up of sleep apnea, but little has been written about what signals should be recorded. What basic information is needed to adequately determine if someone has ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS In the present study, we explored reactive axygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria, the mechanism of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) hepatotoxicity, and the role of protection by GSH. METHODS Intact mitochondria were isolated from rat liver tissues and mitochondrial basal respiratory rates of NADH and FADH2 respiratory chains were determined. Mitochondria were treated wit...

We discuss the time course of postnatal development of selected neurotransmitter receptors in motoneurons that innervate respiratory pump and accessory respiratory muscles, with emphasis on other than classic respiratory signals as important regulatory factors. Functions of those brainstem motoneurons that innervate the pharynx and larynx change more dramatically during early postnatal developm...

A ntipsychotic medications were introduced in the 1950s and proved to be invaluable in the amelioration of schizophrenic symptoms. These agents gained widespread acceptance in the treatment of psychoneurologic disorders, including schizophrenia, Tourette’s syndrome, effective disorders, and dementia. Antipsychotics are also called neuroleptics because of their ability to induce a variety of neu...

In PET/CT thoracic imaging, respiratory motion reduces image quality. A solution consists in performing respiratory gated PET acquisitions. The aim of this study was to generate clinically realistic Monte-Carlo respiratory PET data, obtained using the 4D-NCAT numerical phantom and the GATE simulation tool, to assess the impact of respiratory motion and respiratory-motion compensation in PET on ...

Wediscuss the time course of postnatal development of selected neurotransmitter receptors inmotoneurons that innervate respiratory pump and accessory respiratory muscles, with emphasis on other than classic respiratory signals as important regulatory factors. Functions of those brainstem motoneurons that innervate the pharynx and larynx change more dramatically during early postnatal developmen...