The calculation of frequency-dependent cable parameters is essential for simulations of transient phenomena in electrical power systems. The simulation of transients is more complicated than the calculation of currents and voltages in the nominal frequency range. The model has to represent the frequency dependency and the wave propagation behavior of cable lines. The introduced model combines a...

in this paper, a novel hybrid model based on neural network and game theory is proposed to support the analyzers in oil market. in this model, first the neural network is utilized to learn the oil prices associated with opec production level and usa imports level. then the learned neural network is applied by a game model. finally the nash equilibrium points of the game present the optimum deci...

The notion of electrical flows arises naturally when we treat our graph as a resistor network. Given a graph G = (V,E) with weights w(.) on the edges, we replace each edge e with a resistance of resistor 1/w(e). In other words, think of w(e) as the conductance of the edge e. We can then study how the electricity flows in this network. Now, we write two underlying properties of electrical flows....

INTRODUCTION Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is used in air ambulances to treat patients with impaired oxygenation. Differences in mechanical principles between CPAP devices may affect their performance at different ambient air pressures, as will occur in an air ambulance during flight. METHODS Two different CPAP systems, a threshold resistor device and a flow resistor device, at s...

The flow-resistive characteristics of a variety of commercially available expiratory positive-pressure valve systems used to provide continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive end-expiratory pressure were evaluated. One flow-resistor and seven threshold-resistor expiratory pressure valve systems were set at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm H2O of expiratory pressure, and sinusoidal exhaled...

We demonstrate the novel and compact implementation of literal gates with one literal window and two literal windows using only resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). The proposed circuit consists of only three RTDs and one resistor for one literal window and four RTDs and one resistor for two literal windows, with the configuration of a series-connected RTD pair and a series-connected RTD and a res...

INTRODUCTION Fluid responsiveness prediction is difficult in spontaneously breathing patients. Because the swings in intrathoracic pressure are minor during spontaneous breathing, dynamic parameters like pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV) are usually small. We hypothesized that during spontaneous breathing, inspiratory and/or expiratory resistors could induce h...