The monocentric city ultimately becomes inefficient as urban growth continues because of increasing congestion close to the CBD. Although the exhaustion of CBD agglomeration economies is another major reason for the breakdown of monocentricity, these congestion costs are sufficient grounds alone for the emergence of the policentric metropolitan region. Theoretical models of the policentric city...

Mineral processing and metallurgy production centers may leave a far-reaching fingerprint of soil contamination. This scenario is particularly relevant in the mining district Linares (Southern Spain), where former industrial sites are now dedicated to other land uses. Within this context, we selected five sectors concern region, which currently used as agricultural residential areas. The study ...

High-density urban areas have spatial characteristics, such as complex functions, population gathering, and forms, that lead to more severe heat island effects. Systematically evaluating the thermal environmental benefits of forms optimize physical environment is important. In this study, Tianjin’s central area, which a typical representative high-density areas, was selected invert multi-period...

Change detecting and timely updating of residential areas is widely recognized as one of the most challenging tasks for an operational GIS. High spatial resolution satellite data provide an efficient source of information. This paper describes a hierarchical object-oriented approach for extracting residential areas from IKONOS and SPOT5 images acquired in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Hierarchic...

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the individual characteristics of clients who were referred to residential rehabilitation centers for drug use disorders and to determine their relapse-related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 576 patients who were referred to nine residential treatment centers for drug use disorders, chosen by the cluster sampling m...

Conducting quality evaluations of rural residential areas and effectively improving their utilization levels is an important aspect correctly handling the relationship between humans land achieving high-quality developments. Taking Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province, as example, this study aimed to achieve “intensive, humanistic, green” development areas. An evaluation index system was const...

This chapter discusses the primary issues related to designing foundations for residential buildings in coastal areas: foundation design criteria, National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requirements on coastal construction in A and V zones, the performance of various foundation types, and foundation construction. Foundations in coastal areas should be designed in accordance with the 2006 or 20...

background: the effect of natural background radiation on health is still controversial. however, it is clear that it depends on the dose received by the population. the estimation of external natural background gamma rays received by the population of caspian coastal provinces in the northern part of iran was the main goal of this study. materials and methods: gamma rays was measured using cal...