Maintenance or repair of water mains may require the interruption of flow. Re-initiation of flow may present opportunities for the interaction of air and the accelerating water, resulting in undesirable pressure transients. This study focuses on air intrusion during flow startup in an initially filled horizontal pipeline supplied by a constant-head reservoir. Flow was initiated by opening the d...

phytoplankton and zooplankton concentrations in pishin reservoir are predicted employing a three-dimensional numerical model in this paper. modeling is performed using a numerical model based on mass transport equation. advection, diffusion and source/sink processes are considered as separate subroutines for predicting the concentrations of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the reservoir. finite...

Radiocarbon (C) in dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean can trace the age of ocean water relative to the atmosphere and provide insight into climate-driven changes in ocean circulation since the last glaciation. Here we estimate surface radiocarbon ages from the last glaciation through the deglaciation into the Holocene in the southwestern Pacific by using tephras, both as stratigraphic tie ...

Main problem in handwritten recognition is the huge variability and distortion of patterns. To take care of writing variability of different individuals, a recognition scheme for isolated off-line unconstrained Malayalam handwritten numeral is proposed here. Main features used in the scheme are based on water-reservoir concept. A reservoir is a metaphor to illustrate the cavity region of the nu...

Metal concentrations have been measured in water and sediments of the Jose Antonio Alzate Reservoir, Mexico, using EDXRF and ICP techniques. Spatial and temporal distributions of total metal levels have been identified; no organised pattern was detected for any particular metal concentration. Temporal variations of metal concentrations show evidence of the water self-cleaning capacity of the re...

Hedging is widely used to mitigate severe water shortages in the operation of reservoirs during droughts. Rationing is usually instituted with one hedging policy, which is based only on one trigger, i.e., initial storage level or current water availability. It may perform poorly in balancing the benefits of a release during the current period versus those of carryover storage during future drou...

The influence of physico-chemical properties of Oyun Reservoir, Offa, Nigeria (a shallow tropical African reservoir) on its zooplankton composition and abundance were investigated at three stations for two years between January 2002 and December 2003. Diversity is not high: only three groups of zooplankton were found: Rotifera with eight genera; and Cladocera and Copepoda with three genera each...

The CE-QUAL-W2 model has been selected as a tool for use in water quality management studies of the Occoquan Reservoir. In order for the model to achieve its best possible predictive capability, additional quantitative information on denitrification rates in the reservoir was required. A microcosm operating protocol was developed to obtain such information and also to enhance the understanding ...

Synopsis Water quantity and quality are considered to be the main driving forces the reservoir operation. Barra Bonita reservoir, located in the southeast region of Brazil, is chosen as the case study for the application of the proposed methodology. Herein, optimization and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are applied in the simulation and operation of the reservoir. A fuzzy stochastic d...

In this paper presents the mathematical model of hydrothermal processes in thermal power plant with different wind direction scenarios in the water reservoir, which is solved by the Navier Stokes and temperature equations for an incompressible fluid in a stratified medium. Numerical algorithm based on the method of splitting by physical parameters. Three dimensional Poisson equation is solved w...