Social Comparison and Performance: Experimental Evidence on the Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis We investigate the impact of wage comparisons for worker productivity. We present three studies which all use three-person gift-exchange experiments. Consistent with Akerlof and Yellen’s (1990) fair wage-effort hypothesis we find that disadvantageous wage discrimination leads to lower efforts while advan...

Piece rate and performance based wage systems are common in the construction industry. Construction workers are known to have an increased risk of pain and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). In this cross-sectional questionnaire study, we examined the association between wage system and (1) physical exertion, (2) time pressure, (3) pain, and (4) fatigue. The participants comprised 456 male Danish...

A promising approach to the effective utilization of wavelength division multiplexed networks is to transfer data on an on-demand basis using fast wavelength reservation. Data can then be transferred using the assigned wavelength channel. However, if wavelength reservation fails, the lightpath setup delay, which is defined as the time from when the data–transfer request arises at the source nod...

One of the major problems of deploying Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) in mobile environments is called the advance resource reservation (ARR) problem. Conventional solutions to this problem waste too many network resources and increase the new Quality of Service (QoS) session blocking probability. In this paper, we propose a reservation optimised ARR scheme which constrains the number of ...

With up-coming Quality of Service (QoS) requirements raised by a wide range of communication-intensive, real-time multimedia applications, resource reservation is one of the approaches to satisfy requested QoS. Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) is a well-known signaling protocol for bandwidth reservation in the Internet. However, the current reservation protocols like RSVP do not present the...

In this paper, we introduce a novel reservationbased multiple access protocol for ad hoc networks using directional antennas. First, we investigate the limitations of the extreme reservation schemes, namely omni-directional and directional reservations. We highlight the trade-off between spatial reuse (favors directional reservation) and control/data packet collisions (favors omni-directional r...

Advance Reservation is one possible way to enable resource co-allocation on the Grid. This method requires all the resources to have advance reservation capability as well as coordination protocol support. We employed 2-phased commit protocol as a coordination protocol, which is common in the distributed transaction area, and implemented an Advance Reservation Manager called PluS. PluS works wi...

With up-coming Quality of Service (QoS) requirements raised by a wide range of communicationintensive, real-time multimedia applications, resource reservation is one of the key issues we have to deal with. Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) is a well-known signaling protocol for bandwidth reservation in the Internet. However, there are still some open problems in the Internet resource reserva...

Inspired by the success of reservation systems in airlines industries, and the Connected Vehicle technology supporting vehicular communications, this paper investigated a highway reservation and developed a mathematical optimization formulation to solve the optimal trip scheduling plan for a traffic network. The performance was quantified by total monetary cost of travel time and applicable ear...

Executing complex applications on Grid infrastructures necessitates the guaranteed allocation of multiple resources. Such guarantees are often implemented by means of advance reservations. Reserving resources in advance requires multiple steps – beginning with their description to their actual allocation. In a Grid, a client possesses little knowledge about the future status of resources. Thus,...