Premix feed is a mixture containing one or more additives and diluent carrier after mixed evenly, which plays an important role in cattle feeding. In this paper, the characteristics functions of premix feeds were analyzed, effects adding fat, vitamins, microelements other mixtures daily on reproductive performance different postpartum diseases expounded.

Estrogens carry out various reproductive and non-reproductive functions. Traditionally, estrogen action was thought to be solely mediated through its nuclear receptors estrogen receptor (ER)┙ and ER┚ (Deroo & Korach, 2006). However, recently a membrane bound G protein-coupled receptor-30, now designated as G protein-coupled estrogen receptor1(GPER), has been described as a receptor for estrogen...

Organisms are selected to maximize lifetime reproductive success by balancing the costs of current reproduction with costs to future survival and fecundity. Males and females typically face different reproductive costs, which makes comparisons of their reproductive strategies difficult. Burying beetles provide a unique system that allows us to compare the costs of reproduction between the sexes...

Fifty seven female workers at mean age 32 years (range, 23-45 years), employed in a storage battery plant and a capacitor factory were investigated. The lead exposure period was 7.4 years (range, 1-17 years). The retrospective method was used to analyse reproductive functions of women: menses, libido, abortion and delivery. The results were compared with the control group (62 female workers, me...

Diabetes occurring in association with pregnancy is a condition of the utmost gravity. It is one fraught with danger to both mother and child, and, in dealing with it, the skill of the obstetrician and of the physician may be alike put to the test. Fortunately, the complication is a rare one, for diabetes exerts an unfavourable influence upon the reproductive functions, giving rise at first to ...

The control of germline quality is critical to reproductive success and survival of a species; however, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), an evolutionarily conserved regulator of protein synthesis, functions to maintain germline quality and eliminate defective oocytes. We show that disruption of eEF2K in mice red...

Genes are assumed to generate choice behavior in an environment where there are intertemporal tradeoffs. A gene survives the evolutionary process if it is not possible for a rare mutant gene to grow at a faster rate. Our goal is to represent the choice behavior of the surviving genes by a preference relation. We show that if choices affect the number of offspring but not the descendants’ reprod...

Both obesity and overweight are increasing worldwide and have detrimental influences on several human body functions including the reproductive health. In particular, obese women undergo perturbations of the 'hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis', and frequently suffer of menstrual dysfunction leading to anovulation and infertility. Besides the hormone disorders and subfertility that are common ...

An organism's reproductive fitness is sensitive to the environment, integrating cues of resource availability, ecological factors, and hazards within its habitat. Events that challenge the environment of an organism activate the central stress response system, which is primarily mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The regulatory functions of the HPA axis govern the cardio...

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) functions as a key neuroendocrine regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In addition to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, GnRH and its receptor have been detected in other reproductive tissues including the gonads, placenta and tumours arising from these tissues. Recently, a second form of GnRH (GnRH-II) and type II GnRH receptor have be...