This study aimed to develop a criterion for screening high risk elderly using Demura's fall risk assessment chart (DFRA), compared with the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of gerontology (TMIG) fall risk assessment chart. Participants included 1122 healthy elderly individuals aged 60 years and over (380 males and 742 females) 15.8% of whom had experienced a fall. We assessed fall risk of the elder...

IM These are not considered official categories at this point, but in an article published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation in 2011, a team led by Lehmann and Pietenpol described 6 subtypes: basal-like 1, basal-like 2, immunomodulatory, mesenchymal, mesenchymal stem-like, and luminal androgen receptor (LAR). “Unclassified” is considered to be a seventh subtype. Between 10% and 20% of br...

There are, of course, many uses for inheritance. In general, they fall into two categories: expressing subtyping, and reusing implementation. In this paper we study one particular way of applying inheritance to the problem of reusing implementation: we us inheritance to mitigate the rows and columns dichotomy. We explain this problem, and then give, in pattern form, a detailed description of th...

  Road traffic crashes (RTCs) account for great mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, resulting in substantial global burden. Factors contributing to RTC generally fall into three categories: environmental, vehicle, and human, with the human factor being by far the leading determinant. Obtaining an in-depth exploration of driving behavior and factors underpinning risky driving could be of pa...

When building a knowledge base, one frequently repeats similar versions of general theories in multiple, more specific theories. For example, when building the Botany Knowledge Base[1], we embedded a theory of production in representations of photosynthesis, mitosis, growth, and many other botanical processes. Typically, a general theory is incorporated into more specific ones by an inheritance...

langacker provided new schema-based descriptions of linguistic categories when he was questioning traditional theories of categorization. langecker's model of grammar deals with the reflection of grammatical subsystems of concepts related to space and time in language. also he explains how phenomena such as attention and point of view are encoded in language. the present research aimed to ...

Circumscription has been recognized as an important principle for knowledge representation and common-sense reasoning. The need for a circumscriptive formalism that allows for simple yet elegant modular problem representation has led Lifschitz (AIJ, 1995) to introduce nested abnormality theories (NATs) as a tool for modular knowledge representation, tailored for applying circumscription to mini...