BACKGROUND Excessive thyroid hormone replacement carries the potential for serious long-term metabolic complications (e.g., accelerated osteoporosis). The increased bioavailability of commercially available products, along with improved laboratory assays for measuring thyrotropin (TSH), has led to an increased chance of actual or detected iatrogenic hyperthyroxinemia. The purpose of this study ...

Men throughout recorded history have sought to preserve and enhance their virility, and have approached this in several creative ways. In antiquity, the testes were thought to be the seat of both vigor and longevity for men. Greek and Roman men consumed a substance called “satyricon,” a combination of goat and wolf testicular extracts. In the 19th and 20th centuries, there was an emergence of t...

Estrogens have been convincingly shown to be highly effective in preventing and reversing menopause-related conditions, such as hot flushes, urogenital complaints, and postmenopausal bone loss. Observational studies report that long-term, estrogen-containing, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) leads to a substantial reduction in hip fractures, myocardial infarction, and possibly c...