There is compelling evidence that cortical excitability is modified in migraine patients between attacks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool to investigate this abnormality. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) activates the underlying cortex at high, but inhibits it at low stimulation frequencies. This is a review of published results obtained in migr...

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) has often been suggested as a key modulator of emotional stimulus appraisal and regulation. Therefore, in clinical trials, it is one of the most frequently targeted regions for non-invasive brain stimulation such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). In spite of various encouraging reports that demonstrate beneficial effects of rTMS i...

BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a new method for the stimulation of the central nervous system, is being proposed as a potential new treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis that rTMS would be as effective as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with MDD. METHODS Forty patients with MDD referred for ECT were ra...

The purpose of the current study to investigate the theoretical foundations, researches and applications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of mood disorders. For this purpose, the data was collected through a library review. The target population of the present study is all published scientific works including research papers, review articles, case reports,...

Introduction: Balance impairment is a common problem and a major cause of motor disability after stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether low-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) improves the postural balance problems in stroke patients. Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial with 12 weeks follow-up was conducted on stroke patients. Trea...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common developmental disorder that is associated with environmental and genetic factors. Neurobiological evidence suggests that fronto-striatum-cerebellum circuit abnormalities, mainly in the right hemisphere, are responsible for most of the disturbed sensorimotor integration; dopamine seems to be the main neurochemical alteration unde...

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can induce short-term reorganization of human motor cortex. Here, we investigated the effect of rTMS during relaxation and weak voluntary muscle contraction on motor cortex excitability and hand function. Subjects (n = 60) participated in one of four studies. Single transcranial magnetic stimuli were delivered over the motor area of the first ...