Acute kidney injury is a frequent and life-threatening complication of critical illness. Prevention of this condition is crucial. Two randomized single center trials in critically ill patients have shown a decrease in acute kidney injury by tight glycaemic control, an effect that appears most pronounced in surgical patients. Subsequent randomized trials did not confirm this renoprotective effec...

Fibronectin, a large adhesive glycoprotein, is a prominent constituent of the extracellular matrix. Abnormalities in fibronectin homeostasis occur in numerous disease states, ranging from primary fibrosing conditions to neoplastic transformation. We demonstrate that fibronectin is a target protein substrate for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and confocal micr...

The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used primarily in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, in some cases as the drugs of first choice. The renin-angiotensin system is activated in response to hypotension, decreased sodium concentration in the distal tubule, decreased blood volume and in renal sympathetic nerve stimulati...

Nephrotoxicity is the major limitation for the clinical use of cisplatin as an anti-tumoural drug. Intracellular effects of cisplatin cause tubular damage and tubular dysfunction with sodium, potassium, and magnesium wasting. Renoperotective strategies against cisplatin are classified on 8 targets: 1) Decrease of cisplatin uptake by renal cell, 2) Inhibition of cisplatin metabolism, 3) Blocking...

As classical agonists for peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), fibrates activate renal fatty acid metabolism (FAM) and provide renoprotection. However, fibrate prescription is limited in patients with kidney disease, since impaired urinary excretion of the drug causes serious adverse effects. Pemafibrate (PEM), a novel selective PPARα modulator, mainly excreted bile, and, ...

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). RAAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), decrease the rate of progression of diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathies and are first-line therapies for CKD. Although these agents are highly ...