Variations of structure and position of the kidney along with variations of renal vessels are most frequently reported. Rotational variations form a rare entity that are not cited in most embryology textbooks. During an educational cadaveric dissection of a 42-year-old male, a complex picture of bilateral anatomical variants was encountered. Malrotation of both kidneys and a left lobulated ecto...

HARALDUR BJARNASON, MD The key to successful inferior vena cava (IVC) and iliac vein recanalization is to understand the anatomy. One must take into account the overall anatomic situation, inflow and outflow, or more precisely, the health of the common femoral veins and feeding veins (profunda and femoral), as well as the cephalic extension of the obstruction. It is therefore crucial to have go...

Variations in the origin of arteries in the abdomen are very common. With the invention of new operative techniques within the abdomen cavity, the anatomy of abdominal vessels has assumed a great deal of clinical importance. We report here a rare case of formation of an "arterial glomerulus" at the hilum of the right kidney by the branches of right renal artery. There were 2 renal veins; a supe...

We investigated the vasodilatory effect of isoprenaline at large vessels (aorta, renal and saphenous arteries, vena cava, renal and saphenous veins) in doxorubicin-induced model of heart failure. Thirty salinetreated (normal group) and thirty doxorubicin treated rabbits (1 mg/kg administered intravenously twice weekly for 8 weeks) were studied after 16 weeks of treatment. Chronic heart failure ...

Anomalies of the venous system are known to be varied and frequent and, therefore, are often taken for granted. Perhaps for that reason we have been unable to discover in the literature an adequate description of a single midline vein receiving the drainage usually cared for by the azygos and hemiazygos systems. The condition has been observed previously, for in Piersol's Human Anatomy (1936, p...

IntroductionRenal artery [RA] variations occur in 18 % to 21%. Variations determine the side selection kidney donors and outcome of Kidney Transplantation. This series reports renal vascular anatomy [RVAS] associated complications encountered during live donor nephrectomies [LDN].Methods Consecutive LDN done by a single surgeon is included, patient's demography, side, RVAS are recorded. The wit...

In humans, the kidney is involved in leptin clearance from the body. The present study was performed to assess the renal extraction of leptin in hypertensive patients with or without renal artery stenosis. Sixty-five hypertensive subjects (39 males and 26 females) underwent catheterization of the renal artery and both renal veins with blood sampling for measuring leptin levels. Blood flow to bo...

A 27-years old female patient presented with a severe general condition of generalized edema and hypotension. Two months earlier computed tomography imaged thrombosis the inferior vena cava three hepatic veins, or Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Additional findings were right common iliac vein renal veins bilaterally. Genetic testing proved congenital thrombophilia. Anticoagulation therapy did not ...

The azygos vein is the vein that drains the thoracic wall and upper lumbar region. It is the important channel connecting the two venae cavae. Its origin is variable. On developmental grounds it should originate from the posterior surface of the inferior vena cava near the renal veins. This is known as lumbar azygos vein. In the absence of lumbar azygos, it is formed by the union of ascending l...

Varicocele, a dilatation of the pampiniform plexus and/or the intrascrotal tract of the internal spermatic veins, is considered as a potential cause of male infertility. The mechanism of varicocele development is yet an object of debate. Aim of the work was to analyse the structure of the internal spermatic veins in 13 normal subjects (mean age: 26 years old) and its modification in 24 subjects...