Objective: Increased urinary excretion of uric acid has been shown to be associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The aim this study is evaluate if acid/creatinine ratio can used as a surrogate for renal scarring in VUR. Method: Retrospective chart analysis was made identify patients who were diagnosed Those secondary VUR, <3 years age, and inadequate evaluation excluded. Age, gender, VUR s...

Apoptosis has been proposed to play an important role in the progression of renal scarring. The mechanisms that determine whether a cell enters the apoptotic program are complex. Bax and Bcl-2 are recognized modulators of this event; their relative levels determine the fate of cells. A role for apoptosis in the progression of renal scarring in the remnant kidneys of rats submitted to subtotal n...

Aldosterone participates in the pathophysiology of several models of progressive chronic renal disease. Because of the causal connection between transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta) and scarring in many such models, we hypothesized that aldosterone could evoke TGF-beta in the kidney. Aldosterone infusion for 3 days in otherwise normal rats caused a more than twofold increase in TGF-bet...

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), one of the principal causes of chronic renal failure (CRF), occurs as a result of two distinct and sex-related mechanisms: congenital renal hypoplasia, which is prevalent in males, and acquired renal scarring in females. We used data from the ItalKid Project, a prospective population-based CRF registry of patients undergoing conservative treatment, to evalua...

The role of the vascular endothelium in progressive renal disease is not well understood. This review presents evidence that progressive renal disease is characterized by a progressive loss of the microvasculature. The loss of the microvasculature correlates directly with the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial scarring. The mechanism is mediated in part by a reduction in the endot...

Introduction Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) is a congenital disorder of the paediatric renal tract, which allows the retrograde passage of urine up to the renal pelvis, predisposing to renal infection and consequential scarring, hypertension and renal failure. The current gold standard for diagnosis is the Micturating Cystourethrogram (MCUG), allowing snap-shot imaging of the urethra, bladder and...