How do humans or machines make a decision? Whenever we make a decision, we consider our preferences over the possible options. Also, in a social context, collective decisions are made by aggregating the preferences of the individuals. AI systems that support individual and collective decision making have been studied for a long time, and several preference modelling and reasoning frameworks hav...

Various versions of legitimacy theory predict that a duty and obligation to obey legitimate authorities generally trumps people's personal moral and religious values. However, most research has assumed rather than measured the degree to which people have a moral or religious stake in the situations studied. This study tested compliance with and reactions to legitimate authorities in the context...

The main aim of this paper was to examine and analyze the ethical and moral issues in the healthcare systems in Kenya, with special emphasis being given to physician performance, nursing care and professionalism. The research was carried out in 8 (eight) provinces of Kenya, due to their cultural similarity and findings established. Research questionnaires were prepared and hand delivered to top...

Various versions of legitimacy theory predict that a duty and obligation to obey legitimate authorities generally trumps people’s personal moral and religious values. However, most research has assumed rather than measured the degree to which people have a moral or religious stake in the situations studied. This study tested compliance with and reactions to legitimate authorities in the context...

BACKGROUND Ethical analysis frameworks can help to identify the ethical dimensions to clinical care and provide a method for justifying clinical decisions. Published frameworks, however, have some limitations to easy, practical use. AIMS The aim was to identify a comprehensive yet easy-to-use framework that clarifies ethical decision-making, suitable for use by medical learners and clinical e...

Advances in AI techniques and computing platforms have triggered a lively and expanding discourse on ethical decision-making by autonomous agents. Much recent work in AI concentrates on the challenges of moral decision making from a decision-theoretic perspective, and especially the representation of various ethical dilemmas. Such approaches may be useful but in general are not productive becau...

daily development of the human knowledge, promotion of biomedical technologies and improvement of physicians' ability in diagnosis and treatment of different types of diseases have always accompanied plenty of discussions and challengeable subjects, especially from the view point of ethical issues. obtaining deep and accurate recognition of these subjects, the attention of the physicians and th...