We report on the first direct measurement of the change of the surface stress in the reconstruction of the Au(111) and the Au(100) surfaces. For both surfaces the reconstruction relaxes the intrinsic tensile stress, by 22% and 5%, respectively. A discussion of the data on the Au(111) surface in the FrenkelKontorova model shows that the energy gain due to the surface stress is not quite large en...

A ftcr the tragedies of September 11, the Public Relat ions Society of America (PRSA) asked its 20 ,000 members how public relations professionals could best help the country. Thousands responded, and their top recommendation was to help the Red Cross help Americans. "Recause the Red (joss is always at the center of disaster-relief efforts and public relations professionals often play essential...

Humanitarian organizations pre-position relief items in pre-disaster and distribute them to the affected areas in post-disaster. Improper planning of emergency operations causes more deaths in post-disaster. In this paper, the problem of relief item pre-positioning and multi-period distribution planning is addressed considering lateral transhipment among distribution centres to improve the effi...

Introduction: Although there are several ways to relief pain in metastatic patients, the use of radionuclides is one of the known and effective ways to relieve the pain caused by bone metastases. The purpose of this study was to assessment of radiation dose distribution of different radioisotopes used to treatment and pain relief patients in a bone-based model based on Monte C...

Mountain-range topography is determined by the complex interplay between tectonics and climate. However, often it is not clear to what extent climate forces topographic evolution and how past climatic episodes are refl ected in present-day relief. The Andes are a tectonically active mountain belt encompassing various climatic zones with pronounced differences in rainfall, erosion, and glacier e...

Under orthographic projection, two views of a rigid moving object are insufficient to uniquely determine the structure and motion of the object, due to the existence of the bas-relief ambiguity. Resolution of this ambiguity relies upon either prior information about the motion of the object, or else further views of the object. Two novel algorithms to resolve the bas-relief ambiguity are develo...

It is well known that satellite communications systems are effective and essential communication infrastructure for disaster relief. NICT sent researchers to Tsunami stricken area in March right after the Great East Japan Earthquake and provided broadband satellite communications link to support rescue activities. Through this experience, we learned many kinds of requirements of communications ...

prevail. Was bled immediately to thirty ounces, and a brisk cathartic afterwards given. 12th. Experienced temporary relief from the bloodletting; blood cupped, with a firm crassamentum. Cathartic operated well. Dyspnoea troublesome. Bloodletting to be repeated, and antimonial medicines to be given in the afternoon. 13th. Blood abstracted yesterday (20 ounces), exhibited inflammatory buff in a h...

We aimed to document the pre-operative expectations in Korean patients undergoing total knee replacement using an established survey form and to determine whether expectations were influenced by sociodemographic factors or pre-operative functional status. Expectations regarding 17 items in the Knee Replacement Expectation Survey form were investigated in 454 patients scheduled for total knee re...