We monitored soil respiration (Rs), soil temperature (T) and volumetric water content (VWC%) over four years in one typical conventional and four alternative cropping systems to understand Rs in different cropping systems with their respective management practices and environmental conditions. The control was conventional double-cropping system (winter wheat and summer maize in one year--Con.W/...

In this paper, we consider the joint problem of relay selection and optimal power allocation for multi-relay amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative communication system over frequency selective fading channels. An optimization model combined relay selection and power allocation under a total transmission power budget is formulated. Then, this combinatorial problem is solved in a distributed strat...

In cooperative relay networks with multiple users and multiple potential relays, which relay nodes are selected has great impact on the system performance. It is an optimization problem for selecting suitable relay nodes. The exhaustive search can solve this problem but the complexity will increase factorially with the network size, i.e., the number of users and the number of relays in the netw...

In this paper, we investigate the outage performance of multi-node relay network under equal power allocation (EPA) scheme. Due to the mobility of relay nodes, we proposed to design a method that considers random relay location based on random model. We conduct deep experiments which demonstrate that there exists optimal relay location to minimize the outage probability of multi-node relay netw...

Maintaining and improving household food self-sufficiency (FSS) in mountain regions is an ongoing challenge. There are many facets to the issue, including comparatively high levels of land fragmentation, challenging terrain and transportation bottlenecks, declining labor availability due to out-migration, and low technical knowledge, among others. Using a nonparametric multivariate approach, we...

16 Abstract—Steganography is the art of hiding the existence of data in another transmission medium to achieve secret communication. Steganography method used in this paper is based on biometrics. And the biometric feature used to implement Steganography is skin tone region of images [1]. Here secret data is embedded within skin region of image that will provide an excellent secure location for...

—In this paper the outage-optimal relay deployment problem for amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) two-way relaying network with antenna selection is studied. By utilizing an approximation of the outage probability, the outage-optimal relay location is shown feasible. On this basis a relay deployment scheme is developed by providing the near-optimal relay position in an ap...

Soil microbial community structure and crop yield was investigated in field tomato production systems that compared black polyethylene mulch to hairy vetch mulch and inorganic N to organic N. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) hairy vetch cover cropping increases crop yield and significantly affects soil microbial community structure when compared to the standard plastic mulch and synthe...

Maintenance and improvement of soil quality in continuous cropping systems is critical to sustaining agricultural productivity and environmental quality for future generations. This review focuses on lessons learned from long-term continuous cropping experiments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the most often reported attribute from long-term studies and is chosen as the most important indicator o...