The objective of this article is to present summary findings of multiple research studies concerning evapotranspiration (ET) controllers. Each study provided unique information concerning the performance and implementation techniques necessary to ensure successful integration with irrigation systems to optimize scheduling for water conservation. Based on these studies, ET controllers have the p...

Very accurate thermodynamic potential functions are available for fluid water, ice, seawater and humid air covering wide ranges of temperature and pressure conditions. They permit the consistent computation of all equilibrium properties as, for example, required for coupled atmosphereocean models or the analysis of observational or experimental data. With the exception of humid air, these poten...

OBJECTIVE Many heat and moisture exchangers with filter (HMEF) have been developed. In-house data from companies provide some information about their performances; unfortunately, to our knowledge, no comparative evaluation in clinical conditions has been undertaken of these newer products. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of two HMEFs, one hydrophobic and one hygroscopic, on ...

Evaporation from surface water plays a crucial role in accounting of basins, resource management, and irrigation systems management. As such, the simulation evaporation with high accuracy is very important. In this study, two methods for simulating pan under different climatic conditions Iran were developed. first method, six experimental relationships (linear, quadratic, cubic, input combinati...

Estimating actual vapor pressure (ea) without relative humidity (RH) data continues to draw research attention. One of the accurate ways estimate ea is through estimation dew point temperature (Tdew) from minimum (Tmin) or mean (Tmean). Two existing methods have been largely used ea. The first method (method I) assumes that Tdew close Tmin. other one II) adjusts Tmin with piecewise correction f...

Risk factors for asthma, allergy and eczema were studied in a stratified random sample of adults in Stockholm. In 2005, 472 multifamily buildings (10,506 dwellings) were invited (one subject/dwelling) and 7,554 participated (73%). Associations were analyzed by multiple logistic regression, adjusting for gender, age, smoking, country of birth, income and years in the dwelling. In total, 11% had ...

During a period of three years (2006-2008) the carabid fauna in wet and humid forest habitats of different stages of succession was studied at the Puszcza Knyszynska (north-east part of Poland). The aim of this study was to determine how the assemblages of the carabid fauna change in relation to the ongoing process of succession. Using pitfall traps, 24 plots were sampled. The plots were locate...

A major tenet of African Tertiary biogeography posits that lowland rainforest dominated much of Africa in the late Cretaceous and was replaced by xeric vegetation as a response to continental uplift and consequent widespread aridification beginning in the late Paleogene. The aridification of Africa is thought to have been a major factor in the extinction of many African humid-tropical lineages,...

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration is essential for agricultural management and water resources engineering applications. In the present study, ability precision three artificial intelligence (AI) models (i.e., Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Categorical Boosting (CatBoost)) were assessed estimating daily (ET0) using limited weather...