Road bases are the main bearing layers of road pavement, purpose which is perception load from cars and its distribution on subgrade soil. The base structure determined by calculation depending planned traffic intensity usually consists two layers, for capital coatings, upper layer two-layer made materials reinforced with binders. pavement a rather expensive construction it important constructi...

1 Climate change has the potential to impact long-term road pavement performance. Consequently, to 2 maintain pavements within the same ranges of serviceability as before, current pavement maintenance 3 strategies need to be re-assessed and, if necessary, changed. Changes in maintenance may lead to 4 different agency costs and user costs as a consequence. This paper commences by defining an 5 a...

The regulation of Rho of plants (ROP) in morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells has been well studied, but the roles concerning regulators of ROPs such as RhoGDIs are poorly understood. This study reports that AtRhoGDI1 (GDI1) acts as a versatile regulator to modulate development of seedlings and leaf pavement cells. In mutant gdi1, leaf pavement cells showed shorter lobes in comparison with tho...

To investigate the involvement of the yolk-sac membrane in ion absorption, developmental changes in whole-body cation contents, cellular localization of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), and size and density of pavement and chloride cells in the yolk-sac membrane were examined in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae in fresh water (FW) and those transferred to seawater (SW) at 2 days be...

In pavement management, prioritized resource allocation is imperative given the fact that there is rarely enough funding with highway agencies to address all the pavement sections. In view of the complexity involved in the decision making process, subjective evaluation based on expert’s judgments is unavoidable. Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) has been applied by researchers to solve pavement ...

Longitudinally tined (LT) concrete pavement surfaces were shown to produce less noise than transversely tined (TT) ones, making them more desirable where traffic noise may be an issue, if the two textures are shown to have equivalent safety performance. The present effort focused on rural freeway crashes between 1991 and 1998. This guaranteed the presence of high speeds and absence of various f...

Highway pavement are deteriorating fast due to lack of timely maintenance, leading to higher vehicle operating costs, increasing number of accidents etc. Thus, timely maintenance of the highway pavement is essential. Because, once pavements start to deteriorate; they deteriorate rapidly beyond the point where maintenance is effective. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a strategy for main...

The bearing capacity and service life of a pavement are adversely affected by the presence of undrained water in the pavement layers. In cold winter climates, such as in Iowa, this problem is magnified further by the risk of frost damage when water is present. Therefore, wellperforming subsurface drainage systems form an important aspect of pavement design by the Iowa Department of Transportati...

This paper focuses on comprehensive sensitivity analyses of various rigid pavement scenarios. Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement ( JPCP) sections designed for three traffic levels in each of five climate zones are evaluated in the sensitivity analyses. One-at-a-time (OAT) local sensitivity analysis was implemented using a design limit normalized sensitivity index (NSI) to provide both quantitative...

The depiction of the irregularity in nature is crucial for the realistic representation of the virtual world. For example, real pavement blocks are not always paved evenly, but partially sink over time. Many games or virtual reality systems however represent the pavement too neatly with perfectly flattened surfaces and clean texture images. In this paper, we suggest a method for representing re...