Centrality is an important concept in the study of social network analysis (SNA), which is used to measure the importance of a node in a network. While many different centrality measures exist, most of them are proposed and applied to static networks. However, most types of networks are dynamic that their topology changes over time. A popular approach to represent such networks is to construct ...

Attention is drawn to the possibility that self-organizing biological neural networks could spontaneously acquire the capability to carry out sophisticated computations. In particular, it is shown that the effective action governing the organization of feature detectors in neural networks which incorporate Kohonen-like self-organization can spontaneously lead to structures that are topologicall...

Entanglement measures based on a logarithmic functional form naturally emerge in any attempt to quantify the degree of entanglement in the state of a multipartite quantum system. These measures can be regarded as generalizations of the classical Shannon-Wiener information of a probability distribution into the quantum regime. In the present work we introduce a previously unknown approach to the...

Recently, several authors extended Priestley duality for distributive lattices [9] to other classes of algebras, such as, e.g. distributive lattices with operators [7], MV -algebras [8], MTL and IMTL algebras [2]. In [5] necessary and sufficient conditions for a normally presented variety to be naturally dualizable, in the sense of [6], i.e. with respect to a discrete topology, have been provid...

Parrots (Psittaciformes) are a diverse group of birds which need urgent protection. However, many taxa from this order have an unresolved status, which makes their conservation difficult. One species-rich parrot genus is Amazona, which is widely distributed in the New World. Here we describe a new Amazona form, which is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula. This parrot is clearly separable from oth...

Jubogaster towai gen. et sp. nov. is described from a colony of Pheidole xanthogaster Wilson (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Peruvian Amazon. The new taxon is amongst the largest pselaphine species known. Its transverse head implies an affinity with Trogastrini (Pselaphinae: Euplectitae), but J. towai lacks typical characters diagnostic for trogastrines and possesses others, such as a Jubini-l...

In this section, we provide definitions of basic software architectural concepts and use them to define architectural smells. Our definitions are not intended to be complete; they are restricted to those architectural concepts that will be useful for identifying smells. We also provide shorthand predicates in Figure 1 that we use to help us define architectural smells. A software system’s archi...

The phylogenetic position of the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is disputed--morphological characters place Gavialis as the sister to all other extant crocodylians, whereas molecular and combined analyses find Gavialis and the false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) to be sister taxa. Geometric morphometric techniques have only begun to be applied to this issue, but most of these studies hav...

We present a general construction that starts from a family of interior-preserving open coverings of a given subspace and results in a partial metric with respect to which all subspace elements have self-distance zero. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for when this partial metric induces the given topology. The condition is particularly satisfied if the members of each covering a...