Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a sporadic (not inherited) developmental defect involving only a few contiguous teeth in a small region of the jaw; developmentally it involves both mesodermal and ectodermal dental components. It affects the primary and permanent dentition in the maxilla and mandible or both jaws. Generally it is localized to only one arch. The etiology of this dental anomaly i...

In the Arctic stratosphere, total column ozone in the spring can vary, from year to year, by as much as 30%. This large interannual variability, however, is absent from many presentgeneration climate models, in which the prescribed seasonal cycle of stratospheric ozone includes, at best, smooth multi-decadal trends. We here investigate the extent to which interannual variability in Arctic strat...

We evaluate performance of the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) under flood conditions after the assimilation of observations of the terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Assimilation offers three key benefits for the viability of GRACE observations to operational applications: (1) near-real time analysis; (2) a downscaling of G...

The importance of aerosol emissions for near term climate projections is 3 investigated by analysing simulations with the HadGEM2-ES model under 4 two different emissions scenarios: RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. It is shown that the 5 near term warming projected under RCP2.6 is greater than under RCP4.5, 6 even though the greenhouse gas forcing is lower. Rapid and substantial re-7 ductions in sulphate aer...

Gravity anomaly data generated using Wenzel’s GPM98A model complete to degree 1800, from which OSU91A has been subtracted, have been used to estimate covariance functions for a set of globally covering equal-area blocks of size 22.5 × 22.5 at Equator, having a 2.5 overlap. For each block an analytic covariance function model was determined. The models are based on 4 parameters: the depth to the...

Due to abundant spectral information contained in the hyperspectral images, they are suitable data for anomalous targets detection. The use of spatial features in addition to spectral ones can improve the anomaly detection performance. An anomaly detector, called nonparametric spectral-spatial detector (NSSD), is proposed in this work which utilizes the benefits of spatial features and local st...

With the increased interest in studying the sea surface salinity anomaly (SSSA) of the tropical Indian Ocean during the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), an index describing the dipole variability of the SSSA has been pursued recently. In this study, we first use a regional ocean model with a high spatial resolution to produce a high-quality salinity simulation during the period from 1982 to 2014, fro...

[1] The importance of aerosol emissions for near term climate projections is investigated by analysing simulations with the HadGEM2-ES model under two different emissions scenarios: RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. It is shown that the near term warming projected under RCP2.6 is greater than under RCP4.5, even though the greenhouse gas forcing is lower. Rapid and substantial reductions in sulphate aerosol em...

A primitive equation model is used to investigate the role of the tropics in generating seasonal-mean anomalies in the extratropics. A nudging technique is applied to guide selected tropical regions toward 40-yr EuropeanCentre forMedium-RangeWeather Forecasts (ECMWF)Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and theNational Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Department of Energy Reanalysis (NCEP-2). The tim...

Torsion, topology and CPT anomaly in two-dimensional chiral U (1) gauge theory Abstract We consider the CPT anomaly of two-dimensional chiral U (1) gauge theory on a torus with topologically nontrivial zweibeins corresponding to the presence of spacetime torsion. The resulting chiral determinant can be expressed in terms of the standard chiral determinant without torsion, but with modified spin...