The bubbly cavitating flow generated by a lithotriptor is computed using an ensemble averaged two-phase flow model. The time-dependent, compressible flow computation is divided into two separate calculations: the refocusing of a spherical pulse by an ellipsoidal reflector, and the evolution of the steepening wave including the cavitating bubble cloud it generates. The first computation is singl...

We demonstrate single mode operation of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) employing an interference filter with multimode bandwidth for mode selection. A cateye reflector maximizes feedback efficiency and reduces susceptibility to intra-cavity optical misalignment. Narrow linewidths of 26 kHz are observed, and the laser can be tuned over 14 nm using a single 785 nm filter, without alteratio...

By building an image-enhanced reflector above the transmissive region of liquid crystal cell, the transmissive light can follow the similar path with ambient light that both reflective and transmissive portions can achieve high optical efficiency. same response time and color saturation. Furthermore, onk single retardation film is required in this transflective color TFT-LCD, and ambient light ...

We present a new method to compute interactive reflections on curved objects. The approach creates virtual reflected objects which are blended into the scene. We use a property of the reflection geometry which allows us to efficiently and accurately find the point of reflection for every reflected vertex, using only reflector geometry and normal information. This reflector information is stored...

The improvement of a low concentration gas detection system based on the intracavity fiber laser is proposed in this paper. The sensitivity of the system is deduced based on Lambert-Beer law. The optimized system was established with the gas cell made elaborately. In order to apply the wavelength sweeping technique, the fiber Bragg grating reflector was substituted by the wavelength independent...

We consider two-dimensional (2-D) thin dielectric parabolic reflector, covered with graphene from both sides, illuminated symmetrically by an E-polarized electromagnetic plane wave. Our aim is to estimate the focussing ability of such a composite reflector depending on parameters. use version two-side generalized boundary condition, modified for multilayer case. The scattering formulated as bou...

Scotia Sea and the Drake Passage is key towards understanding development of modern oceanic circulation patterns their implications for ice sheet growth decay. The sedimentary record southern basins documents regional tectonic, oceanographic climatic evolution since Eocene. However, a lack accurate age estimations has prevented calibration reconstructed history. upper was scientifically drilled...

the increase of cell temperature with increased irradiance is probably the mostsignificant disadvantage of using photovoltaic modules equipped with booster reflectors. the aimof this study is to investigate the possibility of improving the performance of a photovoltaic waterpumping system by using a booster reflector and to keep the temperature of pv panels at a lowlevel by cooling pv panels wi...

The backscattering of perfectly conducting great-icosahedral-like reflectors is studied in the high-frequency domain. This particular faceted polyhedron, composed 60 trihedral corner reflectors, introduced to obtain closer omnidirectional backscattering. Due high cost traditional methods, an estimation method for full-polarized radar cross section proposed, which modified from geometrical optic...

The longwave phenomenological model is used to make simple and precise calculations of various physical quantities such as the vibrational energy density, the vibrational energy, the relative mechanical displacement, and the one-dimensional stress tensor of a porous silicon distributed Bragg reflector. From general principles such as invariance under time reversal, invariance under space reflec...