In this study, two techniques for spatio-temporal (ST) kriging of soil water content are compared. The first technique, spatio-temporal ordinary kriging, is the simplest of the two, and uses only information about soil water content. The second technique, spatio-temporal kriging with external drift, uses also the relationship between soil water content and net-precipitation to aid the interpola...

At radar frequencies below 2 GHz, the mismatch between the 5 to 15 cm sensing depth of classical time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe soil moisture measurements and the radar penetration depth can easily lead to unreliable in situ data. Accurate quantitative measurements of soil water contents at various depths by classical methods are cumbersome and usually highly invasive. We propose an impr...

The geostatistical properties of soil moisture patterns from five different sites in Australia (Tarrawarra and Point Nepean) and New Zealand (three sites from the Mahurangi River Basin—Carran’s, Clayden’s and Satellite Station) are analysed here. The soil moisture data were collected using time domain reflectometry and consistent methods for all sites, thereby allowing comparisons to be drawn b...

In this talk we present two approaches to processing the output of an RFID reader for the purpose of determining the distance, direction of motion and velocity of a tag, both of which utilize the swept-frequency reflectometry technique. Different types of tags have been tested to verify and validate the algorithms and the measurements results are presented.

The group refractive-index difference of cladding modes excited by a long-period fiber grating is characterized by use of the technique of optical low-coherence reflectometry, with a precision of <10(-4) . Very good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is demonstrated.

We demonstrate dispersive charge sensing of Si/SiGe single and double quantum dots by coupling sub-micron floating gates to a radio frequency reflectometry (rf-reflectometry) circuit using the tip an atomic force microscope. Charge stability diagrams are obtained in phase response reflected rf signal. single-electron dot-to-lead dot-to-dot transitions with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 2 integrat...

Previous studies performed in ASDEX Upgrade ELMy H-mode regimes (Santos et al. [2003]), ITER reference scenario, have shown that O-mode FM-CW reflectometry should meet the accuracy required on ITER for using reflectometry for position control purposes. This application, however, requires the development of robust unsupervised methods to evaluate the density profiles in real time. To allow a sta...

This paper describes a proposal for a rapid, low cost, nanosatellite mission to demonstrate the concept of GPS ocean reflectometry and to investigate the feasibility of determining sea state for a future operational space-based storm warning systems. The aims of this mission are to prove the general feasibility of GPS ocean reflectometry, to demonstrate sea state determination and to enable the...

Grazing X-ray reflectometry allows the analysis of thin layer stacks. The fitting of the reflectivity curve by a trial and error method can be used in order to determine the parameters of the films. Fourier analysis of the experimental reflectivity can directly give a rough determination of the profit index. Application to real examples shows the validity of the method.