An experiment was conducted with 42 growing Montbéliard steers to study the effect of feed restriction, followed by refeeding, on circulating concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and on hepatic and muscle activities of 5'-deiodinase (5'D). At 9 mo of age, 21 steers were diet-restricted for 3 mo (ADG, 641 g/d), prior to a 4-mo compensatory growth period with ad libitum acce...

The mRNA expressions of the epithelial neutral amino acid transporters slc6a18 and slc6a19a in the five segments (HL, PMC, GL, DMC, and TS) of the intestine of Mozambique tilapia, and their responses to fasting and refeeding were investigated for a better understanding of the functional and nutritional characteristics of slc6a18 and slc6a19a. Although both slc6a18 and slc6a19a were expressed ma...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) regulates oxidative carbohydrate disposal in skeletal muscle and is downregulated by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by PDH kinase (PDK). Previous work has demonstrated increased PDK activity and PDK4 expression in human skeletal muscle following a high-fat low-carbohydrate (HF) diet, which leads to decreased PDH in the active form (PDHa activity) and carbohydr...

Malnourished rats during suckling were orally immunized with cholera toxin (CT) after different periods of refeeding. Intestinal fluids, sera, and supernatant fluids from cultured mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells were obtained after rats were given three doses of CT and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the specific antibody response. Serum-specific immunoglobul...

BACKGROUND Undernutrition is a main cause of immunodeficiency. Many confounding factors limit the interpretation of immune function in hospitalized elderly patients. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of short-term fasting and refeeding on lymphocyte subset distribution and neutrophil function in healthy subjects. DESIGN Seven young adult (x +/- SE age: 24 +/- 2 y) and 8 elderly (71 +/- 3 y)...

Previous work from this laboratory has reported on the effects of two sequential 5 day periods of fasting and subsequent refeeding on tumor promotion in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat (Carcinogenesis, 18, 159-166, 1997). In the present extension of the earlier study, the sequential fasting-refeeding regimen was begun at later time points (28 and 54 days post-initiation) than the fir...

Prolonged malnutrition in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with alterations in endocrine function that may play a sustaining role in the disorder. We hypothesized that abnormalities in endocrine responses to ingestion of a meal in AN are reversible and depend on weight restoration. We measured meal-induced endocrine responses in AN subjects at three time points during ...

Full-length complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequences encoding pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)/PACAP-related peptide (PRP) and preprosomatostatin 1 (PPSS 1) were cloned from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) hypothalamus using reverse transcription and rapid amplification of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid ends. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase cha...

We have measured caloric intake, energy expenditure, and the thermogenic effect of food in ten patients with stable COPD who had a history of involuntary weight loss over several years and were malnourished (< 85 percent ideal body weight). Each patient completed a 7-day food record. Indirect calorimetry was performed in the resting postabsorptive state. After placement of a nasoenteric tube, p...

Catch-up growth, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and accelerated body fat recovery. Using a rat model of semistarvation-refeeding that exhibits catchup fat, we previously reported that during refeeding on a low-fat diet, glucose tolerance is normal but insulin-dependent glucose utilization is decreased in skeletal muscle and increased in adipose tissue, w...