this paper analyses and compares the performances of business-to-business e-commerce data quality and service quality among the use of the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ models. rosettanet’s original partner interface processes use the ‘push’ model which suffers from data redundancy when the volume of business-to-business transaction increases. however, when the ‘pull’ model is used, although it reduces dat...

Conventional multiple description coding (MDC) is a source coding technique which provides resilience against packet loss. On the other hand, the correlation introduced between descriptions can be used to combat bit errors as well. While the latter feature of MDC has been attested and exploited in prior work, only few attempts have been made to design MDC with higher bit error resilience abilit...

We consider the problem of multiclass road sign detection using a classification function with multiplicative kernel comprised from two kernels. We show that problems of detection and within-foreground classification can be jointly solved by using one kernel to measure object-background differences and another one to account for within-class variations. The main idea behind this approach is tha...

in this paper, an efficient fault-tolerant routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks (manets) is presented. the proposed algorithm increases the network fault-tolerance using natural redundancy of ad-hoc networks. this algorithm is carried out in two stages; 1) the selection of backup nodes 2) the selection of backup route(s). in the first stage, the proposed algorithm chooses nodes with the...

The main degrading factor in indoor wireless optical communication systems for bit rates up to several megabits per second is the shot noise induced by ambient light (sunlight and artificial light produced by incandescent and fluorescent lamps). Due to the directional nature of both signal and ambient light noise, the spatial distribution of the signal-to-noise ratio in indoor environments can ...

Water is a unique natural resource among all sources available on earth. It plays an important role in economic development and the general well-being of the country. This study aimed at using the application of water quality index in evaluating the ground water quality innorth-east area of Jaipur in pre and post monsoon for public usage. Total eleven physico–chemical characteristics; total dis...

Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) is an anadromous species which has reproductive migration from the Persian Gulf to the river. Morphological properties and histological changes in oocyte of Hilsa shad in two different environments (salt water and fresh water in Khuzestan province) were studied with respect to its reproductive cycle. Twenty fish samples with average weight of 830.75±3.25 ...