Before sizing the delays of the components in a circuit, it is often necessary to find delay constraints that would ensure the correctness of the circuit, and to verify the sufficiency of these constraints. We formalize constraints of a certain type as processes in a metric-free model. The circuit specification and components are also represented as processes, to be coupled and compared with th...

Accurate modeling of high speed RLC interconnects has become a necessity to address signal integrity issues in current VLSI design. To accurately model a dispersive system of interconnects at higher frequencies; a full-wave analysis is required. However, conventional circuit simulation of interconnects with full wave models is extremely CPU expensive. We present an algorithm for reducing large ...

A simple technique is presented to realize a digitally programmable current mode four phase quadrature oscillator using MOCCII. The realized oscillator enjoys the attractive features of digital tuning, low component count, grounded passive components, low sensitivity figures, load insensitive outputs and suitability for IC implementation. The realized digitally programmable current mode four ph...

background ghrelin and obestatin are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively. it appears that an accurate balance between theses peptides is important for regulating energy homeostasis and body weight. objectives the aim of this study was to identify the possible mechanisms by which circuit resistance training influences energy homeostasis and weight control. patients and methods twe...

Modulo 2+1 multiplier is one of the critical components in the area of digital signal processing, residue arithmetic, and data encryption that demand high-speed and low-power operation. In this paper, a new circuit implementation of a high-speed low-power modulo 2+1 multiplier is proposed. It has three major stages: partial product generation stage, partial product reduction stage, and the fina...