A plane graph is a planar graph with a fixed embedding in the plane. In a rectangular drawing of a plane graph, each vertex is drawn as a point, each edge is drawn as a horizontal or vertical line segment, and each face is drawn as a rectangle. A planar graph is said to have a rectangular drawing if at least one of its plane embeddings has a rectangular drawing. In this paper we give a linear-t...

This paper proposes two rectangular ring planar monopole antennas for wideband and ultra-wideband applications. Simple planar rectangular rings are used to design the planar antennas. These rectangular rings are designed in a way to achieve the wideband operations. The operating frequency band ranges from 1.85GHz to 4.95GHz and 3.12GHz to 14.15GHz. The gain varies from 1.83 dBi to 2.89 dBi for ...

The resonant modes of rectangular two-dimensional optical resonators were analyzed exactly. Based on the characteristics of the Bessel function, the resonant frequencies of the rectangular microcavities are expressed in a simple way. In addition, a simple rule to judge when the finite length of a rectangular resonator can be considered infinite is given in realistic applications. The solution t...

Rectangular arrays of Ni dots with small interdot separation have been fabricated in superconducting Nb films. The geometry of these rectangular arrays defines deep pinning potential channels. Two effects have been observed. ~i! When the vortices move perpendicular to the channels ~i.e., along the long side of the rectangular array! an enhancement of the background pinning is observed, as predi...

Impulse radio, a form of ultra-wide band signaling, has properties that make it a viable candidate for short range communications in dense multipath environments. This paper describes the characteristics of impulse radio, gives analytical estimates of its multiple access capability, and presents propagation test results and their implications for the design of the radio receiver.

An innovative and energy efficient sludge dewatering technology has been developed. The technology, impulse drying, involves briefly contacting the sludge under pressure with a heated surface. A unique feature of impulse drying is that the majority of moisture removal occurs as lipid water. A pilotand laboratory-scale demonstration was performed on low ash primary paper mill sludge. The pilot-s...

In this paper we prove some fixed point theorems for Reich type contractions on cone rectangular metric spaces endowed with a graph without assuming the normality of cone. The results of this paper extends and generalize several known results from metric, rectangular metric, cone metric and cone rectangular metric spaces in cone rectangular metric spaces endowed with a graph. Some examples are ...

An important case of hybrid systems are the rectangular automata. First, rectangular dynamics can naturally and arbitrarily closely approximate more general, nonlinear dynamics. Second, rectangular automata are the most general type of hybrid systems for which model checking |in particular, Ltl model checking| is decidable. However, on one hand, the original proofs of decidability did not sugge...

Abstract. A rectangular cartogram is a type of map where every region is a rectangle. The size of the rectangles is chosen such that their areas represent a geographic variable such as population or GDP. In recent years several algorithms for the automated construction of rectangular cartograms have been proposed, some of which are based on rectangular duals of the dual graph of the input map. ...