We compared the prostate volumes and rectal doses calculated by CT and CT-MRI fusion, and verified the usefulness of CT-MRI fusion in three-dimensional (3D) radiotherapy planning for localized prostate cancer. Three observers contoured the prostate and rectum of 13 patients with CT and CT-MRI fusion. Prostate delineations were classified into three sub-parts, and the volumes and distances to th...

The principal aim of radical surgery for rectal cancer is complete resection of the tumor together with its feeding and lymphatic vessels. There are two types of lymphatic flow from lower rectal cancer: proximal lymphatic flow, toward the root of the inferior mesenteric artery in the mesorectum, and lymphatic flow toward the pelvic sidewall alongside the internal iliac blood vessels beyond the ...

Oral formulations of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) appear less toxic than sulphasalazine. We have therefore compared sulphasalazine, low dose mesalazine and high dose mesalazine in the treatment of mild to moderate relapse of ulcerative colitis. Sixty one patients (32 men, aged 20-78 years) were randomly allocated to sulphasalazine 2 g daily, mesalazine 800 mg daily, or mesalazine 2.4 g da...

RATIONALE Rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a relatively rare tumor. Well-differentiated NETs (G1 and G2) rarely display distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Currently, treatment for the primary lesions of rectal NETs with liver metastasis remains controversial. The liver metastasis was resected in local hospital. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) has emerged as an effective minima...

A 45 years female presented with a complain of something coming out through her anus since one year, which comes on straining and reduces only after manual intervention. She had also, a history of constipation with occasional blood and mucus discharge in the stool. On examination, she was found to have full thickness rectal prolapse, which comes out on straining and reduces only after pushing i...

AIM Gastrointestinal spontaneous hematomas (GSHs) represent 5-10% of patients with acute abdomen. Conservative treatment is the most common approach but the bowel perforation can be a fatal complication. In patients with spontaneous rectal wall hematoma, high comorbidity and abdominal signs of acute abdomen but without radiological signs of intestinal perforation, an early exploratory laparotom...

Although colorectal cancer is often considered as a single entity, initial management and staging of colorectal cancers differ depending on whether the primary tumor is located in the rectum or the colon. The rectum is short (approximately 15 cm) and very close to other structures, with only a narrow margin of fat between the rectal wall and the mesorectal fascia. In addition, unlike the colon,...

BACKGROUND Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a primary systemic necrotizing vasculitis with diffuse organ involvements, resulting in a high mortality rate due to multiple organ failure. Although the small bowel is the frequently targeted organ of PAN-associated vasculitis, rectal involvement is very rare, and only one case of rectal bleeding has been previously reported. The mortality rate of PAN w...

Extended pelvic side wall excision is a useful technique for treatment of recurrent or advanced rectal cancer involving sciatic notch and does not compromise the dissection of major pelvic vessels and vascular control.