This study examined the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the Wnt and RhoA signaling pathways in murine ameloblast-lineage cells (ALCs) to better understand the developmental mechanisms of dental fluorosis. Wnt and Rho pathway activities were investigated when ALCs were treated with 1.5 mM NaF, dickkopf-related protein-1 (Dkk-1), secreted frizzled related-protein-2 (sFRP-2), β-catenin siRNA do...

The Wnt gene family encodes proteins that serve key roles in differentiation and development. Wnt proteins interact with seven transmembrane receptors of the Frizzled family and activate a signaling pathway leading to the nucleus. A primary biochemical effect of Wnt-1 signaling is the stabilization of cytoplasmic (beta)-catenin which, in association with transcription factors of the Lef/tcf fam...

conclusion our findings confirmed that a prokaryotic expression system of rureb229-561 was successfully constructed.the results of sds-page showed that our constructed prokaryotic expression system pet28a- ureb229-561 -bl21de3 efficiently produces target recombinant protein in the form of dissoluble inclusion body. therefore we can suggest that these epitopes can effectively be a vaccine candid...

background and aims: virus-like particles (vlps) have been suggested to be a promising recombinant vaccine approach. several studies have reported that the influenza vlps produced in insect cells is an effective vaccine candidate. due to crucial role of matrix m1 protein in assembly and budding of influenza particles, in all vlps structures, m1 protein have been considered as a main component. ...

visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a zoonotic disease caused by leishmania species. dogs are considered to be the main reservoir of vl. a number of methods and antigen-based assays are used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. however, currently available methods are mainly based on direct examination of tissues for the presence of parasites, which is highly invasive. a variety of serological tests ...