Invariant recognition of objects depends on a hierarchy of cortical stages that build invariance gradually. Binocular disparity computations are a key part of this transformation. Cortical area V1 computes absolute disparity, which is the horizontal difference in retinal location of an image in the left and right foveas. Many cells in cortical area V2 compute relative disparity, which is the di...

Dense disparity map estimation from a high-resolution stereo image is a very difficult problem in terms of both matching accuracy and computation efficiency. Thus, an exhaustive disparity search at full resolution is required. In general, examining more pixels in the stereo view results in more ambiguous correspondences. When a high-resolution image is down-sampled, the high-frequency component...

The goal of the present study is to compare the strengths of depth effects induced by different types of vertical disparity. We use a nulling task, in which the depth effects induced by vertical disparity are nulled by horizontal disparity. The advantage of this method is that it prevents cue conflicts from arising between disparity and other depth cues. The ratios between horizontal and vertic...

Horizontal binocular disparity has long been the conventional predictor of stereo depth. Surprisingly, an alternative predictor fairs just as well. This alternative predicts the relative depth of two stimuli from the relation between their disparity vectors, without regard to horizontal disparities. These predictions can differ; horizontal disparities accurately predict the perceived depth of a...

Disparity for HLA in unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation (BMT) increases the risk of graft rejection and graftversus-host disease (GVHD) and may compromise transplant outcome. We have compared the outcome of matched and mismatched transplants from unrelated donors in 137 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Their disease status was complete remission (CR)-1, 24 patients; CR...

A previous study showed that the initial ocular following responses elicited by sudden motion of a large random-dot pattern were only modestly attenuated when that whole pattern was shifted out of the plane of fixation by altering its horizontal binocular disparity, but the same disparity applied to a restricted region of the dots had a much more powerful effect [Vision Research 41 (2001) 3371]...

We performed the first large-scale (n = 501), quantitative study of horizontal disparity tuning in the middle temporal (MT) visual area of alert, fixating macaque monkeys. Using random-dot stereograms, we quantified the direction tuning, speed tuning, horizontal disparity tuning, and size tuning of each neuron. The vast majority (93%) of MT neurons were significantly tuned for horizontal dispar...

Disparity for HLA in unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation (BMT) increases the risk of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and may compromise transplant outcome. We have compared the outcome of matched and mismatched transplants from unrelated donors in 137 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Their disease status was complete remission (CR)-1, 24 patients; C...

In this paper, a hierarchical genetic algorithm for disparity estimation is presented. The goal, to estimate reliable disparity fields with low computational cost, is reached using a hierarchical genetic matching procedure. Firstly, each hierarchical image of the stereo pair is divided into sets of feature points and non-feature points. The image morphological gradient for feature points and th...

We propose a system to perform disparity estimation for a pair of stereo images using object-based global constraints. EEective global constraints are crucial to accurate disparity estimation under the presence of partially occluded areas, illumination diierences, and object deformation. In our method, object contours are rst extracted and their disparities are estimated using a robust tree mat...