Batch reverse osmosis (BRO) systems may enable a significant reduction in energy consumption for desalination and water reuse. BRO systems operate with variable pressure, by applying only slightly more pressure than is needed to overcome the osmotic pressure and produce reverse water flux. This study explains, quantifies, and optimizes the energy-saving performance of realistic batch designs im...

Birds frequently interact with people when they occur in coupled human-ecological or anthropogenic environments, which makes the protection of legally protected species a challenge. Flight initiation distances (FIDs) are often used to inform development of appropriate buffer distances required for human exclusion zones used to protect birds nesting in anthropogenic landscapes. Piping Plovers (C...

This article uses seasonal integration and co integration techniques to test the hypothesis of neutrality of money, using data from the Iranian economy. Seasonal data for the three variables of money supply, output and prices show that (increase in) money supply and the price level are co integrated at zero frequency, but one does not see such a relationship between (increase in) money supply a...

Plasma sodium and osmolality were determined in 80 adult epileptic patients receiving chronic treatment with carbamazepine and in 50 control patients treated with other anticonvulsant drugs. Mean plasma osmolality was significantly lower in the carbamazepine-treated patients but mean plasma sodium did not differ in the two groups. Hyponatraemia was found in five of the carbamazine-treated patie...

The role of lysosomes in important cellular responses, including phagocytosis, cell surface repair, and autophagy underlies a number of human diseases. Furthermore, the role of the lysosomal surface in TORC1 signalling has revealed unexpected properties of these organelles. In this issue, Sridhar et al (2013) uncover an important role for PI(4)P for lysosome function under normal nutrient condi...

As backfill systems become a more common method for managing tailings and enhancing ore recovery, safe efficient methods handling the are adding value mine owners. At Kirkland Lake Gold Fosterville (Victoria, Australia), automated diverter valves were installed at distribution switching points to direct paste intended stopes. The operated remotely from control room, removing human element trans...