In this survey, we describe the following different aspects of modeling multidimensional point sets (shapes) using real-valued functions of several variables: algebraic system as a formal framework; representation of shapes, operations, and relations using real-valued functions, internal representation of the modeling system; specialized language for function-based modeling, and model extension...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach for measuring the relative efficiency of a decision making units consists of multiple inputs and outputs. In all standard DEA models semi positive real valued measures are assumed, while in some real cases inputs and outputs may take complex valued. The question is related to measuring efficiency in such cases. As far as we are aware, ...

Holant problems are a family of counting problems on graphs, parametrised by sets of complexvalued functions of Boolean inputs. HOLANTc denotes a subfamily of those problems, where any function set considered must contain the two unary functions pinning inputs to values 0 or 1. The complexity classification of Holant problems usually takes the form of dichotomy theorems, showing that for any se...

Introduction: This paper treats the structure of those lattice-ordered rings which are subdirect sums of totally ordered rings—the f-rings of Birkhoff and Pierce [4]. Broadly, it splits into two parts, concerned respectively with identical equations and with ideal structure; but there is an important overlap at the beginning. D. G. Johnson has shown [9] that not every /-ring is unitable, i.e. e...

The aim of this paper is to characterize in terms of classical (quasi)convexity of extended real-valued functions the set-valued maps which are K-(quasi)convex with respect to a convex cone K. In particular, we recover some known characterizations of K-(quasi)convex vector-valued functions, given by means of the polar cone of K.

This paper presents two models of complex-valued neurons (CVNs) for real-valued classification problems, incorporating two newly-proposed activation functions, and presents their abilities as well as differences between them on benchmark problems. In both models, each real-valued input is encoded into a phase between 0 and  of a complex number of unity magnitude, and multiplied by a complex-va...

In this paper, two outwardly different graphs, namely, the zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] and comaximal of ring all real-valued continuous functions having countable range, defined on any zero-dimensional space text], are investigated. It is observed that these graphs exhibit resemblance, so far as diameters, girths, connectedness, triangulatedness or hypertriangulatedness concerned. Ho...

We represent every normal-valued GMV-algebra as a GMV-algebra of real-valued functions; we also describe the universal MV-algebras and universal normal-valued GMV-algebras with a prescribed set of components.

This paper introduces an implicit scheme for a   continuous representation of nonexpansive mappings on a closed convex subset of a Hilbert space with respect to a   sequence of invariant means defined on an appropriate space of bounded, continuous real valued functions of the semigroup.   The main result is to    prove the strong convergence of the proposed implicit scheme to the unique solutio...

A ring of continuous functions is a ring of the form C(X), the ring of all continuous real-valued functions on a completely regular Hausdorff space X. With each ideal / of C(X), we associate certain subalgebras of C(X), and discuss their structure spaces. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for two ideals in rings of continuous functions to have homeomorphic structure spaces. Introducti...