Background: Investment in science is vital for the development and well-being of societies. This study aims to assess the scientific productivity of countries by quantifying their publication of systematic reviews taking the gross national income per capita (GNIPC) into account. Methods: Medline and ISI Web of Science were searched for systematic reviews published between 1st January 2006 an...

The book defines three different concepts of world or inter-national inequality. The first uses unweighted countries’ GDPs per capita, the second, populationweighted GDPs per capita, the third, combines inter-national and internal income distribution to derive “true” world income distribution. According to the first and the second concept, inter-national inequality respectively increased and de...

This paper re-examines the Dollar and Kraay (2002) result that per capita real income for the poorest quintile in a country grows equiproportionately with the rest of the economy. Results obtained here using the Dollar and Kraay data set indicate that the real per capita income of the poor rises less than proportionately when growth is positive and falls dramatically when growth is negative. Th...

the investigation of income inequality effect on private consumption is considered as an important issue in macroeconomic literatures. hence the main objective of this paper is to study the effect of income inequality on private consumption in mena countries during the (1975-2006). for this purpose, the modified qin et al. (2009) model has been estimated by panel data approach. the main finding...

AIM Assess the association of flossing with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) years 2011-2014. We used three categories of flossing: 0-1, 2-4 and ≥5 days in the past week and the CDC definition of periodontitis. We calculated odds ratios controlling for age, gender, smoking, drinking, incom...

This paper examines the link between the health indicators and the environmental variables for a cross-section of countries widely dispersed on the economic development spectrum. While environment and income are seen to have an inverted-U shaped relationship (Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis), it is also well established that environment and health are positively related. Our study ...

Economics – in the general sense of the critical study of production, distribution and consumption of wealth in human society – is a central theme of liberation theology. Although liberation theologians do not address the technical questions that constitute modern economic theory, they are concerned with the broader issues of the way in which economic organisation relates to the historical expe...