The thalamic reticular (RE) nucleus plays a crucial role in regulating the excitability of thalamocortical networks and in generating some sleep rhythms. Current clamp intracellular recordings of RE neurons in cats under barbiturate anaesthesia revealed the presence of membrane bistability in ~20% of neurons. Bistability consisted of two alternate membrane potentials, separated by ~17-20 mV. Wh...

The protective effect of ginsenoside Re, isolated from ginseng berry, against acute gastric mucosal lesions was examined in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Ginsenoside Re (20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 0.5 h prior to C48/80 treatment. Ginsenoside Re dose-dependently prevented gastric mucosal lesion development 3 h after C48/80 treatment....

Our aim was to evaluate the short and long term efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy in Iranian patients with achalasia. In a randomized, double blind trial, 20 patients with achalasia, referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital, received either 80 units of botulinum toxin (BT) or placebo (PL) from 1995 to 1998. Two weeks later, the response to treatment was assessed on the basis of changes in the...

conclusions our study demonstrated that the b1 gene, more so than the re gene, showed positive samples and can be used to detect toxoplasmosis, although the b1 gene, in comparison to the re gene, did not show any superiority of molecular diagnosing capability. results also showed that toxoplasma molecular detection methods can be used instead of routine serological detection methods in a clinic...

thinking simultaneously of humor and battlefield is hardly expectable; however, the most genuine jokes can be seen in this very battlefield verbal culture in a simple and sensitive form which has rarely been paid attention to. this witticism can be categorized into four classes; namely, devotional, fight and martyrdom, drinking and eating, and social interactions which have the most similitude ...

BACKGROUND Accessibility of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in primary care settings is limited. Referring patients to PCI-capable hospitals might increase cardiac events. Hence, fibrinolytic injection before referring patients to PCI-capable settings decreases cardiac events, however, the effect of fibrinolyti...

INTRODUCTION There is a lot of interest towards creating therapies and vaccines for Bacillus anthracis, a bacterium which causes anthrax in humans and which spores can be made into potent biological weapons. Systemic injection of lethal factor (LF), edema factor (EF) and protective antigen (PA) in mice produces toxicity, and this protocol is commonly used to investigate the efficacy of specific...

Several pieces of evidence suggest that the noradrenergic afferents in the medial preoptic area produce sleep and hypothermia by acting on alphal adrenergic receptors. On the other hand, in a few studies monitoring body temperature with a rectal probe, preoptic injection of the alphal adrenergic agonist methoxamine produced contradictory changes in body temperature and sleep-wakefulness. Such c...

A numerical study of the destabilizing effects of localized impulsive perturbations in pressuredriven Hagen-Poiseuille or pipe flow is presented. The numerics intend to ellucidate the intrinsic mechanisms of subcritical transition to turbulence in pipe flow by reproducing very recent experimental explorations carried out by Hof, Juel and Mullin [1], concluding that the minimum amplitude of a pe...

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtainable from autologous bone marrow aspirates have generated tremendous interest in the medical and scientific communities in the last two decades and are currently being investigated by a of interested physicians for use in point-of-care stem cell therapies due to their great potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages such as bone, cartilage, ...