C, Ca Filter, array capacitance d1, d2 Duty ratios of switch S1,S2 DP1, DP2 Diodes of individual boost cells IA SCA current IAb SCA current with boost converter IAd SCA current with IDB converter Im SCA current at maximum power operation Iab Average load current with boost converter Iaid Average load current with IDB converter Iph Insolation dependent photo current I0 Cell reverse saturation cu...

Abstract For the ternary systems, Rb 2 SO 4 – CaSO H O and Cs O, solubility data have been determined at ambient temperatures (22 25 °C). In both gypsum is found as stable -phase in presence of low alkali metal sulfate concentrations. addition, two double salts exist Rb-system: Rb-disalt (Rb ·2CaSO ) Rb-syngenite ·CaSO ·H O) addition to . Rb-syngenite, crystal structure was by single analysis (...

The retinoblastoma (RB) gene product has been shown to restrict cell proliferation, promote cell differentiation, and inhibit apoptosis. Loss of RB function can induce both p53-dependent apoptosis and p53-independent apoptosis; little is known about the mechanisms of RB-regulated p53-independent apoptosis. Here we show that RB specifically activates transcription of the survival gene bcl-2 in e...

Retinal microcircuits for night vision at the absolute threshold are required to relay a single-photon rod signal reliably to ganglion cells via rod bipolar (RB) cells and AII amacrine cells. To assess the noise reduction of intercellular signal transmission in this rod-specific pathway, we quantified its synaptic connectivity by 3D reconstruction of a series of electron micrographs. In most ca...

Mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene (RB) is found in all retinoblastomas and in a subset of other human neoplasms, including sarcomas of bone or soft tissue and carcinomas of lung or breast. Exogenous copies of wild-type RB have been shown to suppress the tumorigenicity of several types of tumor cells with endogenous RB mutations, including a previously described human prostatic ...

Understanding factors subserving pituitary cell proliferation enables understanding mechanisms underlying uniquely benign pituitary tumors. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (Pttg) deletion results in pituitary hypoplasia, low pituitary cell proliferation rates, and rescue of pituitary tumor development in Rb(+/-) mice. Pttg(-/-) pituitary glands exhibit ARF/p53/p21-dependent senescence pathway...

Cell cycle dysregulation leads to abnormal proliferation and cell death in a context-specific manner. Cell cycle progression driven via the Rb pathway forces neurons to undergo S-phase, resulting in cell death associated with the progression of neuronal degeneration. Nevertheless, some Rb- and Rb family (Rb, p107 and p130)-deficient differentiating neurons can proliferate and form tumors. Here,...

Elevated cyclic AMP levels induce a rapid block in the mid-G1 phase of the cell cycle in B-lymphoid Reh cells, accompanied by a transient block in G2. The retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product has been implicated as a key regulator of eukaryotic cell growth. The Rb protein enforces its growth-suppressive effect in early G1, where it is underphosphorylated and firmly bound in the nucleus. A possible ...