نتایج جستجو برای: rare codons

تعداد نتایج: 246693  

Journal: :Plant physiology 1990
W H Campbell G Gowri

Codon usage is the selective and nonrandom use of synonymous codons by an organism to encode the amino acids in the genes for its proteins. During the last few years, a large number of plant genes have been cloned and sequenced, which now permits a meaningful comparison of codon usage in higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. For the nuclear and organellar genes of these organisms, a small se...

2007
Efraín Zamora-Romo Luis Rogelio Cruz-Vera Serafín Vivanco-Domínguez Marco Antonio Magos-Castro Gabriel Guarneros

In an effort to improve the knowledge about the rules which direct the effect of the early ORF sequences on translation efficiency, we have analyzed the effect of pairs of the six arginine codons at the second and third positions on the expression of lacZ variants. Whereas the pairs of identical AGA or AGG codons were favorable for the gene expression, identical pairs of each of the four CGN co...

2016
Xudong Wu Guohui Li

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, and the cause of different cancers is generally attributed to checkpoint dysregulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that non-optimal codons were preferentially adopted by genes to generate cell cycle-dependent oscillations in protein levels. This raises the intriguing question of how dynamic changes of codon ...

Journal: :Plant Soil and Environment 2021

Although various studies of codon usage bias have been reported in a broad spectrum organisms, no to date examined for herbicide target genes. In this study, we analysed patterns the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene eight monocot weeds and one model monocot. The base composition at third position follows C3 > G3 T3 A3. values effective number codons (ENC or Nc) indicate low bias, ENC Nc vs. GC3...

2015
Siti Aisyah Mualif Sin-Yeang Teow Tasyriq Che Omar Yik Wei Chew Narazah Mohd Yusoff Syed A. Ali Paul D. Riggs

Relative ease in handling and manipulation of Escherichia coli strains make them primary candidate to express proteins heterologously. Overexpression of heterologous genes that contain codons infrequently used by E. coli is related with difficulties such as mRNA instability, early termination of transcription and/or translation, deletions and/or misincorporation, and cell growth inhibition. The...

2011
Bin Wang Zhu-Qing Shao Ying Xu Jing Liu Yuan Liu Yue-Yu Hang Jian-Qun Chen

A correlation method was recently adopted to identify selection-favored 'optimal' codons from 675 bacterial genomes. Surprisingly, the identities of these optimal codons were found to track the bacterial GC content, leading to a conclusion that selection would generally shape the codon usages to the same direction as the overall mutation does. Raising several concerns, here we report a thorough...

Journal: :Human molecular genetics 2014
Adam S Gordon Holly K Tabor Andrew D Johnson Beverly M Snively Themistocles L Assimes Paul L Auer John P A Ioannidis Ulrike Peters Jennifer G Robinson Lara E Sucheston Danxin Wang Nona Sotoodehnia Jerome I Rotter Bruce M Psaty Rebecca D Jackson David M Herrington Christopher J O'Donnell Alexander P Reiner Stephen S Rich Mark J Rieder Michael J Bamshad Deborah A Nickerson

The study of genetic influences on drug response and efficacy ('pharmacogenetics') has existed for over 50 years. Yet, we still lack a complete picture of how genetic variation, both common and rare, affects each individual's responses to medications. Exome sequencing is a promising alternative method for pharmacogenetic discovery as it provides information on both common and rare variation in ...

Journal: :Nucleic acids research 1977
J Pan V B Reddy B Thimmappaya S M Weissman

We have determined the sequence of the portion of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) that codes for the major structural protein of the virus. The gene contains 361 codons. Synonym codons for an amino acid are not used randomly. The dinucleotide CG occurs only once and there is 2 to 1 preference for uridylic acid in the third position of codons.

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