This study aims to determine whether ramp meters increase the capacity of active freeway bottlenecks. The traffic flow characteristics at twenty-seven active bottlenecks in the Twin Cities have been studied for seven weeks without ramp metering and seven weeks with ramp metering. A methodology for systematically identifying active freeway bottlenecks in a metropolitan area is proposed, which re...

Ramp-signal generators are particularly critical in controlling the frequency and dutycycle of pulse-width modulated (PWM) switching supplies. They are normally implemented with a timed charging current source into a capacitor and a reset switch controlled by two comparators whose reference signals set the lower and upper limits of the ramp. A fast comparator is required to ensure the reset ope...

Na(V)1.3 voltage-gated sodium channels have been shown to be expressed at increased levels within axotomized dorsal root ganglion neurons and within injured axons within neuromas and have been implicated in neuropathic pain. Like a number of other sodium channel isoforms, Na(V)1.3 channels produce a robust response to slow ramplike stimuli. Here we show that the response of Na(V)1.3 to ramp sti...

Recent years have seen significant research in finding closed form expressions for the delay of the RLC interconnect which improves upon the Elmore delay model. However, several of these formulae assume a step excitation. But in practice, the input waveform does have a non zero time of flight. There are few works reported so far which do consider the ramp inputs but lacks in the explicit nature...

An on-ramp simulation system that can be used to debug and test the Universal Ramp Metering Software (URMS) is presented. The tool includes a simple car following microscopic traffic model for the on-ramp and a Controller Interface Device (CID), which interfaces a standard personal computer with a 2070 traffic controller. The CID consists of the low cost and commonly available National Instrume...

Using oral swab samples to detect West Nile virus in dead birds, we compared the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP) assay with VecTest and real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The sensitivities of RAMP and VecTest for testing corvid species were 91.0% and 82.1%, respectively.

Ramp rate sensitivity in superconducting dipole magnets has been shown to vary in an unpredictable fashion between magnets constructed using similar fabrication techniques. Test results from a series of model magnets are presented, one of which was constructed using ebanolcoated strands. The ramp rate sensitivity and ac loss observed is described.

For the analog-to-digital conversion lab, we need a resetable ramp generator. Here, we explore building a ramp generator from a current source. We implement a current source using an operational amplifier (Op Amp or OA) and then using a PNP transistor; the single-ended PNP source is used in the lab.

Understanding the behavior of weaving flows and estimating the effects of time-variant traffic conditions on the capacity of weaving areas is of critical importance in developing effective operational strategies, which can achieve the maximum utilization of existing capacity for a given freeway system. The previous phase of this research identified and classified the major weaving areas in the ...

Oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics have been shown to be governed by a nonlinear control system across a range of work rates. However, the linearity of the V̇O2 response to ramp incremental exercise would appear to be the result of a linear control system. This apparent contradiction could represent a balancing of changing V̇O2 kinetics parameter values across a range of work rates. To test this, six h...