Measurements of rain attenuation over an earth-space path at Kolkata (22°34' N, 88°29' E), India, have been carried out since June 2004 by receiving a Ku-band signal from the satellite NSS-6 (geostationary at 95 E). The instantaneous attenuations are estimated from the point rain rates measured with an optical raingauge and using the Simple Attenuation Model (SAM). The estimated values closely ...

The areal and intensity indices of the South China Sea Warm Pool (SCSWP) derived from three datasets, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Optimum Interpolation Version 2 (OI.v2) sea surface temperature (SST), are generally consistent with each other at monthly, seasonal and interannual scales. However, the three ...

A Z-R relation is derived using a data set which consists of nine rain events selected from Singapore’s drop size distribution. Rain events are separated into convective and stratiform types of rain using two methods: the Gamache-Houze method, a simple threshold technique, and the Atlas-Ulbrich method. In the Atlas-Ulbrich method, the variability of the rain integral parameters R, Z, Nw, D0 and...

There are limitations in using monthly rainfall totals in studies of rainfall climatology as well as in hydrological and agricultural investigations. Variations in rainfall may be considered to result from frequency changes in the daily rainfall of the respective regime. In the present study, daily rainfall data of the stations inside the Koyna catchment has been analysed for the period of 1961...

Honey has been used since ancient times for its nutritional as well as curative properties. Tualang honey is collected from wild honey bees' hives on Tualang trees found in the Malaysian rain forest. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, where its therapeutic value has partly been related to its antioxidant properties. This study therefore assessed the colour int...

In this paper, we established an ecological type three-dimensional nonlinear mathematical model to study the effect of aerosol particles in increasing rainfall in the regions of less intensity rain. The phenomenon of nonlinearity is based on the concepts of ecology related to growth rate, death rate and interaction process (Smith, 1974). It is assumed that clouds are formed in the atmosphere bu...

Prognostic equations for the rain mass mixing ratio and the rain drop number concentration are introduced into the large-scale cloud microphysics parameterization of the ECHAM5 general circulation model (ECHAM5-RAIN). For this a rain flux from one level to the next with the appropriate fall speed is introduced. This maintains rain water in 5 the atmosphere to be available for the next time step...

Occasional strong droughts are an important feature of the climatic environment of tropical rain forest in much of Borneo. This paper compares the response of a lowland dipterocarp forest at Danum, Sabah, in a period of low (LDI) andaperiodofhigh (HDI) drought intensity (1986–96,9.98y;1996–99,2.62y).Meanannual drought intensity was two-fold higher in the HDI than LDI period (1997 v. 976mm), and...

We present a novel web browser based interactive visualization application for exploring 3D weather radar data sets delivered by next generation phased array radars. The purpose is to aid in rapid observation of localized weather phenomenon, short term weather forecasting and disaster prevention. Our application allows remote users to access multiple data sets via a web browser application, and...

The study evaluates three background subtraction techniques. The techniques ranges from very basic algorithm to state of the art published techniques categorized based on speed, memory requirements and accuracy. Such a review can effectively guide the designer to select the most suitable method for a given application in a principled way. The algorithms used in the study ranges from varying lev...