Wheel flats induce high-impact loads with relevance for the safety of vehicle in operation as they can contribute to broken axles, hot axle boxes, and damaged rolling bearings wheels. The high also damage track components such rails sleepers. Although this subject has been studied numerically experimentally over last few years, wheel flat problem focused on ballasted tracks, there is a need und...

Construction projects become complicated and fragmented so that many specialty contractors are involved. In such changed environments, a general contractor’s overhead costs are increasing comparable to direct costs. In addition to an increase of volume, activities consisting of overhead costs play an important role in coordinating different participants who include different specialty contracto...

current practices in railway track analysis and design are reviewed and discussed in this paper. the mechanical behavior of railway track structure comprising of various components has not been fully understood due to the railway track structural complexity. although there have been some improvements in the accuracy of current track design methods in recent decades, there are still considerable...

Times of downturn in economy, tough competition, high costs, and large amounts of capital required for replacements have created growing need for cost cutting measures and for seeking better return on investment. This has also placed an increasing emphasis on maintenance practices to extend the service life of existing railroad bridges. This paper outlines the various factors which playa role i...

Railways speedily transport many people and goods nationwide, so railway accidents can pose immense damage. However, the infrastructure of railways is complex that its maintenance challenging expensive. Therefore, using artificial intelligence for safety has attracted researchers. This paper examines applications safety, mainly focusing on deep learning approaches. first introduces methods wide...